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·药事管理·

        基于因子分析的慢性病患者药品福利效应提升研究                                                          Δ


        汤少梁 ,朱艳娇,王 聪(南京中医药大学卫生经济管理学院,南京 210023)
               *
        中图分类号 R95           文献标志码 A          文章编号     1001-0408(2020)04-0390-07
        DOI   10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.04.02

        摘   要   目的:为帮扶贫困慢性病患者卫生脱贫,使其切实享有药品福利提供参考。方法:设计一种全面、普适的问卷调查量表,
        在江苏省连云港市和常州市进行预调研后,再在甘肃、河北、四川等3个地区进行正式调研。对调研结果采用因子分析法进行分
        析,并对4种慢性病患者的药品福利效应水平进行评分,找出不同慢性病患者药品福利效应的差异及其主要影响因素。结果:共
        发放问卷745份,最终收回有效问卷721份,有效回收率为96.8%。因子分析结果显示,慢性病患者药品福利效应可分为药品健康
        效应、药品公平效应、药品价格效应、药品可及效应、个人经济水平效应等5个维度。慢性病患者综合药品福利效应的平均得分
        2.56分(一般);糖尿病、心脑血管疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤患者药品福利效应的综合药品福利效应平均得分分别为3.12
        分(良好)、2.73分(一般)、2.56分(一般)、1.90分(较差)。影响慢病患者药品福利的关键因素依次为健康效应、药品公平效应、药
        品价格效应。结论:国家在制定相关政策时,应综合考虑慢性病患者的药品健康效应、药品公平效应、药品价格效应及药品可及效
        应,以制定更加全面有效的药品政策。
        关键词 慢性病患者;药品福利效应;因子分析;问卷调查
        Study on Optimization of Drug Welfare Effects of Patients with Chronic Diseases Based on Factor Analysis
        TANG Shaoliang,ZHU Yanjiao,WANG Cong(College of Health Economics Management,Nanjing University
        of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China)

        ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for helping poor patients with chronic diseases to get rid of poverty and enjoy
        drug welfare. METHODS:A overall general questionnaire was designed and conducted in Lianyungang City and Changzhou City
        of Jiangsu Province,and then conducted formal investigation in Gansu,Hebei and Sichuan. Factor analysis was used to analyze the
        survey results,and the drug welfare effects of 4 kinds of chronic diseases were scored,the difference and main influential factors
        of drug welfare effect for different chronic disease patients were found out. RESULTS:A total of 745 questionnaires were sent out,
        and 721 effective questionnaires were finally collected,with an effective recovery rate of 96.8%. Factor analysis results showed
        that the drug welfare effect of patients with chronic diseases can be divided into 5 dimensions such as drug health effect,drug fair
        effet,drug price effect,drug availability effect and personal economic level effect. The average score of comprehensive drug welfare
        effect of chronic disease patients was 2.56(general). The average scores of comprehensive drug welfare effects in patients with
        diabetes,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,chronic respiratory system diseases and malignant tumors were 3.12(good),
        2.73(general),2.56(general)and 1.90(poor). The key factors influencing the drug welfare of the patients with chronic diseases
        were health effect,drug fair effect,and drug price effect. CONCLUSIONS:In formulating relevant policies,the state should take
        drug health effect,drug fair effect,drug price effect and drug availability of chronic diseases into consideration,and formulate
        more comprehensive and effective drug policy.
        KEYWORDS     Chronic disease patients;Drug welfare effect;Factor analysis;Questionnaire investigation


            贫困问题一直是我国社会经济发展的主要障碍,                           又带来一系列就业、保障等社会问题。贫困慢性病患者
       “因病致贫、因病返贫”在各种致贫原因中占比最高,在                            由于其社会地位较低,对于基本卫生服务,尤其是药品
        我国7 000万贫困人口当中,因病致贫的占到42%,其中                        的可及性常常处于最不利的地位,这将直接影响他们的
                                        [1]
        有 1 000 多万人患有慢性病或者大病 。在药品价格居                        健康水平和药品福利效应。为此,笔者拟设计一种较为
        高不下的背景下,慢性病患者的疾病负担尤其是药品费                            全面的且适合多种慢性病患者的药品福利效应量表,据
                       [2]
        用负担日益沉重 。贫困慢性病患者由于支付能力不足                            此进行问卷调查并对调查结果进行分析,以找出慢性病
        以及参与医疗保障、卫生保健和享受基本公共卫生服务                            患者药品福利效应的关键影响因素,旨在为精准识别、
        的机会缺失等原因而造成其健康水平进一步下降,由此                            精准医疗和精准帮扶贫困慢性病患者以助其卫生脱贫,
                                                            使其切实享有药品福利提供参考。
            Δ 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.71673148);江苏高            1 研究背景
        校哲学社会科学研究重点项目(No.2018SJZDI074)
                                                            1.1 药品福利效应及研究现状
            *教授,博士生导师。研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理。电
        话:025-85811679。E-mail:tangshaoliang@126.com             药品福利首先应基于福利的角度。福利(Welfare)


        ·390  ·  China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 4                                   中国药房    2020年第31卷第4期
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