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·药物与临床·
2015-2018年重庆市某三级甲等医院鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布
及耐药性分析 Δ
*
熊丽蓉 ,冯 伟,向荣凤,喻明洁,戴 青,陈勇川(陆军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科,重庆 400038)
#
中图分类号 R37;R969.3 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2020)03-0340-04
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.03.17
摘 要 目的:为临床治疗鲍曼不动杆菌感染及合理使用抗菌药物提供参考依据。方法:采用回顾性分析方法,收集 2015 年 1
月-2018年12月我院住院患者分离出的64 500株细菌,使用WHONET 5.6软件对其中鲍曼不动杆菌的检出率、标本类型、送检科
2
室进行统计,采用R×C表χ 检验分析4年间鲍曼不动杆菌对18种临床常用抗菌药物的耐药率差异。结果:2015-2018年分别分离
出鲍曼不动杆菌2 072、2 040、2 017、2 143株,分别占当年阳性标本的12.85%、13.38%、13.60%、11.71%;8 272株鲍曼不动杆菌的
标本类型主要包括痰液(4 368株,占52.81%)、脓液(1 106株,占13.37%)、腹水(804株,占9.72%);送检科室主要为烧伤科(1 605
株,19.40%)、肝胆科(1 200株,14.51%)、脑外科(977株,11.81%);对18种抗菌药物的耐药率呈波浪形下降趋势(P<0.001),2018
年数据显示,对氨苄西林、氨曲南的耐药率均大于80%,对氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢他啶、左氧氟沙星、复方磺胺甲噁唑、庆大霉素、
阿米卡星、妥布霉素、替加环素的耐药率均小于50%,其中对阿米卡星和替加环素的耐药率分别为14.7%和0。结论:2015-2018
年我院鲍曼不动杆菌的分离株数和检出率无明显变化;该菌主要引起呼吸道感染,建议使用阿米卡星或替加环素进行治疗。
关键词 鲍曼不动杆菌;临床分布;抗菌药物;耐药性;重庆
Analysis of Clinical Distribution and Drug Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in a Third-grade Class-A
Hospital from Chongqing during 2015 to 2018
XIONG Lirong,FENG Wei,XIANG Rongfeng,YU Mingjie,DAI Qing,CHEN Yongchuan(Dept. of Pharmacy,
the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infection and rational use of
antibiotics. METHODS:By retrospective analysis,64 500 strains of bacteria were isolated from the inpatients of our hospital
during Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2018. WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the detection rate,specimen type,departments of A.
baumannii. The resistance of A. baumannii to 18 commonly used antibiotics in 4 years was analyzed by RxC table χ 2 test.
RESULTS:A total of 2 072,2 040,2 017 and 2 143 strains of A. baumannii were isolated during 2015-2018,accounting for
12.85% ,13.38% ,13.60% ,11.71% of positive specimens. The main specimen types of 8 272 strains of A. baumannii were
sputum(4 368 strains,52.81%),pus(1 106 strains,13.37%),ascites(804 strains,9.72%). The main departments were burn
department(1 605 strains,19.40%),hepatobiliary department(1 200 strains,14.51%),brain surgery department(977 strains,
11.81%). The drug resistance rate to 18 kinds of antibiotics showed a wave-like decreasing trend (P<0.001). In 2018,drug
resistance rate to ampicillin and aztreonam was more than 80% ,and that to ampicillin/sulbactam,ceftazidime,levofloxacin,
Compound sulfamethoxazole,gentamicin,amikacin,tobramycin and tegacyclin was less than 50% ,among which the drug
resistance rate to amikacin and tegacyclin were 14.7% and 0,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:There is no significant change in the
number of isolates and detection rate of A. baumannii in our hospital between 2015 and 2018. The bacteria mainly cause respiratory
tract infection. Amikacin or tegacyclin are recommended for treatment.
KEYWORDS Acinetobacter baumannii;Clinical distribution;Antibiotics;Drug resistance;Chongqing
鲍曼不动杆菌是非发酵革兰氏阴性杆菌,为不动杆 菌属中最常见的一个菌种,广泛存在于自然界、人体皮
Δ 基金项目:重庆市社会事业与民生保障科技创新专项(No. 肤、呼吸道及医院环境中。其环境适应能力强,能在医
cstc2017shmsA130043) 院环境中长期生存、定植,可引起医院获得性肺炎、手术
*主管技师。研究方向:微生物检验及耐药分析。电话:023- 部位感染、败血症、泌尿系感染等相关性感染,是目前医
68754447。E-mail:646690351@qq.com [1]
# 通信作者:副主任药师。研究方向:临床药理学、药物分析、药 院内感染的重要条件致病菌之一 。近年来,由于广谱
动学。电话:023-68754462。E-mail:zwmcyc@163.com 抗菌药物的广泛使用,鲍曼不动杆菌引起的感染日益增
·340 · China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 3 中国药房 2020年第31卷第3期