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mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was 260 nm,and sample size was 2 μL. Electrospray ion
        source(ESI)was used under positive ion mode(ESI ). The mass scanning range was mass ratio(m/z)of 50-1 500,with capillary
                                                 +
        voltage of 2 000 V and ion source temperature of 100 ℃. The desolvation temperature was 400 ℃;flow rate of atomizing gas(N2 )
        was 40 L/h,and that of desolvation was 800 L/h;collision energy (CE) was 20-30 V;data acquisition rate was 0.5 s/scan.
        RESULTS:The linear range of astragaloside Ⅰ,astragaloside Ⅱ,astragaloside Ⅲ,astragaloside Ⅳ,calycosin-glucopyranoside,
        calycosin,ononin,formononetin,2′-hydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxy-isoflavan-glucoside,7,2′-dihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxy-isoflavan,9,
        10-dimethoxy-pterocarpan-glucoside and 3-hydroxy-9,10-dimethoxy-pterocarpan were 0.001 16-0.232 0,0.000 276-0.055 2,
        0.000 22-0.044 0,0.000 225-0.045 0,0.000 734-0.587 0,0.001 17-0.234 0,0.000 742- 0.148 0,0.001 30-0.260,0.003 98-0.795 0,
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        0.000 476-0.476 0,0.001 89-0.378 0,0.000 336-0.336 0 μg(all R ≥0.999 2),respectively. The limits of detection were 6.2×10 ,
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        4.8×10 ,3.8×10 ,3.4×10 ,5.8×10 ,4.8×10 ,4.2×10 ,3.2×10 ,5.8×10 ,2.6×10 ,4.2×10 ,6.4×10 -6  μg,respectively.
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        The limits of quantitation were 12.6×10 ,16.2×10 ,14.4×10 ,14.8×10 ,18.8×10 ,16.4×10 ,15.4×10 ,10.8×10 ,20.2×10 ,
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        12.4×10 ,14.6×10 ,23.4×10  - 6  μg,respectively. RSDs of precision,stability(24 h)and repetition tests were all lower than
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        3.0%(n=6). The average recoveries were 99.1%,100.2%,98.7%,101.9%,98.6%,102.1%,99.2%,100.3%,98.7%,
        99.2%,99.3% and 100.8%,with the RSDs of 1.9%,2.2%,2.4%,1.8%,2.1%,1.7%,2.3%,1.9%,2.4%,1.8%,2.2%
        and 1.9%(n=6),respectively. The results showed that the contents of astragaloside Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ decreased gradually with the
        increase of processing temperature;the content of astragaloside Ⅳ increased gradually with the increase of temperature. The content
        of flavonoid glycosides,such as calycosin glucopyranoside,ononin,2′-hydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxy-isoflavan-glucoside and 9,
        10-dimethoxy-pterocarpan-glucoside decreased with the increase of temperature; the corresponding aglycone components as
        flavonoid glycosides,formononetin,3-hydroxy-9,10-dimethoxy- pterocarpan increased firstly and then decreased with the increase;
        the content of 7,2′-dihydroxy-3′,4′- dimethoxy-isoflavan decreased with the increase of temperature. CONCLUSIONS:Established
        UPLC-MS/MS method can be used for determination of 12 components in A. membranaceus. After processed under different
        temperature,the contents of glycosides decreased in general,while the contents of aglycones increased in general.
        KEYWORDS Astragalus membranaceus;UPLC-MS/MS;Glycosides;Aglycones;Content determination;Directional processing
            黄芪为豆科植物蒙古黄芪[Astragalus membrana-                Ⅲ、Ⅳ和毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、黄芪异黄烷苷、黄芪
        ceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao]或膜荚黄     紫檀烷苷)及4种苷元(毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、黄芪异黄
        芪[Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.]的干燥根,主        烷、黄芪紫檀素)的含量,考察温度对黄芪中苷类及苷元
        要有补气升阳、固表止汗、利水消肿、生津养血、行滞通                           成分含量变化的影响,为开展黄芪的现代化、创新性的
        痹、敛疮生肌之功 。现代研究发现,黄芪中主要以黄芪                           炮制转化工艺研究提供参考依据。
                        [1]
        皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ等皂苷类成分,毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花                          1 材料
        苷等黄酮苷类和少量其对应的苷元类成分及多糖类成                             1.1  仪器
                     [2]
        分为有效成分 。有学者研究发现,中药的苷类成分经                                ACQUITY I-CLASS 型 UPLC 仪(包括二极管阵列
        口服进入肠道后,由肠道内的微生物代谢转化,脱掉糖                            检测器、二元高压泵、在线脱气装置、自动进样器、柱温
        基成为次级苷或苷元而发挥药效               [3-4] 。本课题组前期研         箱 ,数 据 采 集 与 处 理 采 用 Masslynx 软 件)和 XEVO
        究发现,黄芪中的黄酮苷类成分主要以脱掉糖基生成对                            G2-XS 型 UPLC-MS 仪均购自美国 Waters 公司;AE240
        应的苷元成分而吸收入血,进入体循环。                                  型十万分之一分析天平(瑞士 Mettler-Toledo 公司);
            黄芪传统炮制方法有净制、切制、蒸制、炙制、炒制、                        FA1004B 型电子天平(上海精密科学仪器有限公司);
        煨制等16种。在2015年版《中国药典》(一部)中收载的                        YP5102 型电子天平(上海光正医疗仪器有限公司);
        黄芪炮制品主要是生黄芪和蜜炙黄芪 。黄芪蜜炙时需                            KQ-250DB 型数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限
                                         [1]
        用文火加热炒制,而中药中的苷类成分在炮制过程中由                            公司);Milli-Q 型纯水仪(美国 Millipore 公司);DX-200
        于受温度的影响会发生脱掉糖基生成苷元的转化过                              型粉碎机(温岭市林大机械有限公司);WGL-125B型电
        程。那么,黄芪中的苷类成分在炒制过程中是否会受温                            热鼓风干燥箱(天津泰斯特仪器制造有限公司)。
        度的影响而发生变化?该问题尚未见报道。基于此,本                            1.2 药品与试剂
        研究通过模拟炮制的方式,将黄芪在不同温度下进行烘                                黄芪药材于 2017 年 10 月采自山西省五寨县黄芪
        制,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技                      “中药材生产质量管理规范”(GAP)种植基地,经辽宁中
        术分析不同烘制温度下黄芪中8种苷(黄芪皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、                           医药大学药学院王冰教授鉴定为豆科植物蒙古黄芪的


        ·288  ·  China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 3                                   中国药房    2020年第31卷第3期
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