Page 32 - 2020年2月第31卷第3期

Analysis of the Medication Rule of Glycyrrhiza uralensis-containing Antitussive Prescriptions Based on 2015
Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia（Part ⅠⅠ）
SHEN Ying，FAN Jian，MENG Xiangcai（College of Pharmacy，Heilongjiang University of TCM，Harbin
150040，China）

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To explore the medication rule of Glycyrrhiza uralensis-containing antitussive prescriptions（GUAP），
and to provide reference for the research and development of new antitussive drugs. METHODS：The GUAP were collected from
2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅰ）. The information of prescription name，composition，flavor and meridian
tropism，and functional indications were input into Excel 2018 software to establish the database. The frequency of traditional
Chinese medicine（TCM）was analyzed statistically. Cluster analysis was performed for high frequency TCM（frequency≥15）in
GUAP by using SPSS Statistics 23.0 software；Apriori algorithm and association rules of SPSS Modeler 18.0 software were used to
analyze the drug combination of high-frequency TCM in GUAP（support degree≥15％，confidence degree≥70％，lift degree≥1）.
New GUAP was sorted. Totally 60 mice were divided into model group（normal saline），positive group（Codeine phosphate tablet，
5 mg/kg），New prescription low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose groups（1.17，5.83，11.67 g/kg，by extractum），with 12 mice
in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastricaaly once a day，for consecutive 7 d. 1 h after last medication，cough
was induced by ammonia in mice for 30 seconds；the latent period of cough and the frequency of cough within 2 min were
recorded，and the cough inhibition rate was calculated. RESULTS：Totally 73 prescriptions involved 194 kinds of TCM，with 11
ingredients of high-frequency TCM（G. uralensis，Platycodon grandiflorus，Semen Armeniacae，Citrus reticulate，Ephedra sinica，
Gypsum fibrosum，Scutellaria baicalensis，Mentha haplocalyx，Pinellia ternate，Poria cocos，Peucedanum praeruptorum），which
were mainly pungent and mostly belonged to lung meridian. High-frequency TCM could be grouped into 5 categories. There were 7
two-item association rules（such as E. sinica→Semen Armeniacae，G. fibrosum→Semen Armeniacae）and 10 three-item association
rules （such as G. fibrosum-Semen Armeniacae→E. sinica， C. reticulate-P. grandiflorus→Semen Armeniacae）. New GUAP
contained G. uralensis，P. grandiflorus，Semen Armeniacae，E. sinica，C. reticulate，G. fibrosum（mass ratio 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 2 ∶ 2 ∶ 3 ∶ 4）.
Compared with model group，the latent period of cough was prolonged and the frequency of cough within 2 min was decreased
significantly in positive group and new prescription low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.01）. Compared with
positive group，latent period of cough was shortened significantly in new prescription low-dose and medium-dose groups，while the
frequency of cough within 2 min was increased（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；but there was no significant difference in latent period of
cough， the frequency of cough within 2 min， cough inhibitory rate of new prescription high-dose group （P＞0.05）.
CONCLUSIONS：The new antitussive prescription was summarized by analyzing the medication rule of GUAP，and was verified
to have good antitussive effect，which can provide reference for the development of new antitussive drugs.
KEYWORDS Glycyrrhiza uralensis；Antitussive；Data mining；Medication rule；New prescription；Mice

甘草系豆科植物甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.）、 所述：“甘草，味甘平，无毒。生之则寒，炙之则温。生则
胀果甘草（Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.）或光果甘草（Glycyr- 分身稍而泻火，炙则健脾胃而和中。”生甘草味甘偏凉，
[1]
rhiza glabra L.）的干燥根及根茎 ，始载于《神农本草 长于清热泻火，炙甘草味甘偏温，长于益气补中 。现代
[7]
[2]
经》，被列为上品 ，主产于宁夏、内蒙古、甘肃与新疆等 药理研究表明，生甘草在解热止咳方面的作用优于炙甘
[8]
地区 ，常作为佐使药使用，为治疗咳嗽的常用药。咳嗽 草 ，故本文统计止咳方剂时排除使用炙甘草者，重点分
[3]
既是一种独立的疾患，亦是一种常见的临床症状，其发 析清热功效更为显著的生甘草相关方剂。笔者收集
病率较高、致病原因复杂，反复发作的咳嗽会对患者的 2015 年版《中国药典》（一部） 中止咳方剂的配伍组方，
[1]
工作、生活和学习等方面产生严重的影响；目前，西医临 对含甘草止咳成方制剂的配伍规律进行归纳和分析，并
床治疗咳嗽主要以抗感染和化痰为手段，但副作用较 确定新的止咳方剂，然后进行动物实验加以验证，为止
大、临床效果不理想，而中药被广泛用于治疗热症咳嗽， 咳相关新药的开发提供依据。
具有副作用少、效果稳定等优点，使得中药在治疗咳嗽 1 数据资料
领域占据了重要地位 [4-5] ，故开展对咳嗽组方用药规律的 1.1 数据来源
研究有重要意义。 本研究所录中药方剂均来源于 2015 年版《中国药
甘草常用于治疗各种咳嗽，如外感、痰饮、久咳、虚 典》（一部）。
咳等症 。炙甘草为生甘草的炮制加工品，二者虽来源 1.2 纳入与排除标准
[6]
相同，但性味、功能与主治有所差别，如《珍珠囊药性赋》 纳入标准：（1）处方药材详实的中药方剂；（2）含甘

·282 · China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 3 中国药房 2020年第31卷第3期