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ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE:To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of bloodstream infection pathogens in a Children’s
        Hospital from Zhengzhou,and to provide reference rational selection of drugs in anti-infective treatment. METHODS:By
        retrospective analysis,128 318 blood culture specimens were collected from inpatients in the Affiliated Children’s Hospital of
        Zhengzhou University from Oct. 2014 to Sept. 2019. The positive rate,clinical symptoms and clinical diagnosis of children with
        bloodstream infection were analyzed statistically. WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze pathogenic bacteria of positive
        specimen,the departments and the resistance of pathogens to the main clinical antibiotics. RESULTS:In 128 318 blood culture
        samples of inpatients,the positive rate was 2.14% (2 746/128 318);among 2 746 blood culture positive sample,the main
        symptom of childrem with blood stream infection was fever(1 986/2 746);main clinical diagnosis included sepsis(1 679/2 746),
        bronchopneumonia(858/2 746),purulent meningitis(555/2 746). The main departments included neonatal diagnosis and treatment
        center (1 090 strains,accounting for 39.69%) [neonatal intensive care unit (279 strains,accounting for 10.16%),neonatal
        surgery department (223 strains,accounting for 8.12%),neonatal internal medicine department (209 strains,accounting for
        7.61%),infant pediatrics department (200 strains,accounting for 7.28%) and premature pediatrics department (179 strains,
        accounting for 6.52%)],hematology oncology department (216 strains,accounting for 7.87%),cardio vascular medicine
        department(206 strains,accounting for 7.50%). Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 72.80%,Gram-negative bacteria 24.21%,
        fugus 2.99%. Among Gram-positive bacteria,coagulase negative staphylococcus(1 414 strains)and Staphylococcus aureus(146
        strains)were the most common. The resistance rate of the former to penicillin G,oxacillin and erythromycin was more than 80%,
        and that of the latter to penicillin G and erythromycin was more than 80%. Among Gram-negative bacteria,Klebsiella pneumoniae
       (183 strains) and Escherichia coli (172 strains) were the most common. The resistance rates of the former to ampicillin,
        piperacillin,ampicillin/sulbactam and cefazolin were more than 80%,and the latter to ampicillin and tetracycline were more than
        80%. Among the fungus,Candida albicans(42 strains)and Candida parapsilosis(22 strains)were the most common,and the
        resistance rate to common antifungal drugs was less than 10%. CONCLUSIONS:The pathogens of bloodstream infection in the
        hospital are complex,mainly coagulase negative staphylococcus and K. pneumoniae,and the drug resistance is severe.
        KEYWORDS    Children hospital;Bloodstream infection;Pathogen;Drug resistance


            血流感染(Bloodstream infection)是一种或多种病                 收集 2014 年 10 月-2019 年 9 月我院住院患者的
        原体(包括细菌及真菌)进入血液循环,经过繁殖及生长                          128 318 份血培养标本,统计分析其阳性率及其血流感
        后释放代谢产物以及各类毒素,进而引起身体感染、中                           染患儿的临床症状及临床诊断。纳入标准:(1)血流感
        毒及严重炎症变态反应的全身性疾病,是临床常见的危                           染诊断明确患儿;(2)年龄≤18 岁。排除标准:(1)由非
        重症之一。儿童血流感染更是以其高发病率、高病死率                           感染性疾病所致的全身炎症反应综合征患儿;(2)同一
        和高治疗费用而引起社会的广泛关注,尤其是重症监护                           病例中分离得到的重复病原菌及疑似污染的棒状杆菌、
        病房患儿    [1-2] ,故需及时、准确地用敏感抗菌药物进行治                  微球菌等。
                                           [3]
        疗。2017 年全国细菌耐药性监测网报道 ,全国 15.2%                     2.2  细菌分离培养及鉴定
                                                                          TM
        的细菌感染来源为血标本。定期开展细菌耐药性监测,                               使用 Phoenix -100 全自动细菌鉴定及药敏系统进
        了解病原谱和抗菌药物耐药模式的改变,有助于临床医                           行药敏试验。严格按照第4版《全国临床检验操作规程》
        师合理用药,能够更好地预防和控制感染性疾病的发                            及仪器说明书操作,按照美国临床实验室标准化协会
        生。笔者采用回顾性分析方法,收集 2014 年 10 月-                      (The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,CLSI)
        2019 年 9 月郑州大学附属儿童医院(简称我院)住院患                      2018年标准判断药物敏感性结果 。质控菌株为大肠埃
                                                                                        [4]
        者血培养标本,统计分析血流感染病原菌分布及耐药                            希菌(ATCC 25922)、铜绿假单胞菌(ATCC 27853)、金黄
        性,以期为临床抗感染治疗合理选择抗菌药物提供参考                           色葡萄球菌(ATCC 25923 和 ATCC 29213)、粪肠球菌
        依据。                                                (ATCC 29212),均购自国家卫生健康委员会临床检验
        1 材料                                               中心。
            BACTEC FX25 全自动血培养仪及配套血培养瓶、                    2.3 数据处理
              TM
        Phoenix -100全自动细菌鉴定及药敏系统均由美国BD                         使用 WHONET 5.6 软件,统计病原菌菌种、送检科
        公司提供;哥伦比亚血琼脂平板、巧克力琼脂平板、沙保                          室和对临床主要抗菌药物的耐药性,药敏折点及抗菌药
        罗琼脂平板均购自郑州安图生物技术公司。                                物选择采用 2018 年 CLSI 文件标准。采用 SPSS 17.0 统
        2 方法                                               计软件分析数据,计数资料以例数和百分率(%)表示,
                                                                         2
        2.1  研究对象                                          组间比较采用χ 检验,符合正态分布的计量资料以x±s

        中国药房    2020年第31卷第1期                                               China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 1  ·99  ·
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