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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To study the academic characteristics and connotation of Sichuan Nanpai Tibetan medicine(SNTM),
to provide relevant information for the inheritance and development of Nanpai Tibetan medicine,and to provide reference for the
development and utilization of commonly used medicinal materials in SNTM. METHODS:The type characteristics,medication
frequency,main treatment disease and medication rule of 672 preparations of Tibetan hospital of SNTM were analyzed by means of
data mining,statistical analysis and inductive deduction methods of TCM inheritance support system(TCMISS). Based on the core
combination drugs,the new prescriptions were evolved by the entropy hierarchical clustering method. RESULTS:A total of 624
medicinal materials were used in formulation of SNTM,involving 509 plant drugs(81.67%),61 mineral drugs(9.77%)and 54
animal drugs(8.65%). There were 16 medicines with frequency>120;among them,top 3 medicines were Terminalia chebula
(57.44%),Carthamus tinctorius(43.15%)and Aucklandia lappa(42.26%). Main treatment diseases involved 13 categories,and
top 3 categories were gastric diseases(28.13%),hepatobiliary diseases(12.80%)and neurological diseases(11.90%). In the
treatment of stomach diseases,T. chebula,C. tinctorius,Alpinia katsumadai,Piper longum,A. lappa and Punica granatum were
mainly used;totally 61 commonly used drug combinations were obtained and the most commonly used combination was P.
longum-A. katsumadai. In the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases,T. chebula,C. tinctorius,Herpetospermum caudigerum,Swertia
bimaculata,Zhaxun were mainly used;64 commonly used drug combinations were obtained and the most commonly used
combination is T. chebula-C. tinctorius. In the treatment of neurological diseases,Myristica fragrans,T. chebula,A. lappa,
Syzygium aromaticum,Aquilaria sinensis,Choerospondias axillaris were mainly used;73 commonly used drug combinations were
obtained,and the most commonly used combination was T. chebula-M. fragrans. 5 candidate new formulations had been evolved
by the entropy hierarchical clustering method, involving Lacciferlacca-Lithospermum erythrorhizon-Rubia cordifolia- Punica
granatum. CONCLUSIONS:Obtained high frequency drug pairs and evolved new candidate formulation based on the core
combinations drugs of SNTM for commonly diseases can provide reference for the development of modern new Tibetan medicines
for gastric,hepatobiliary and neurological diseases.
KEYWORDS Nanpai Tibetan medicine;Main treatment diseases;Medication rule;TCM inheritance support system;Data
mining
藏医药是我国传统医药的重要组成部分,是藏族人 1 资料与方法
民在长期与自然环境斗争过程中形成的独具特色的传 1.1 数据来源
统医学体系。藏医药历史悠久,在发展过程中逐渐形成 收集《全国九省区民族药质量标准现状调研报告与
了南北两派,地域上一般将以康巴为中心的藏医药称为 品种汇编》 、《四川省阿坝州藏族羌族自治州藏药方剂
[7]
[8]
[1]
南派藏医药 。南派藏医药理论的创始人为宿喀·娘尼 标准》 和《四川省藏药医院制剂》 中涉及的南派藏医药
[9]
多吉,之后杰巴泽翁、宿喀·洛珠杰布、洛桑嘉措和达 方剂(属于南派藏医药范围内的藏医院使用的复方制剂
姆·门然巴洛桑曲扎等藏医药大师将其进一步传承和发 即为南派藏医药方剂),排除方剂组成不完整或有重复
展 [2-4] 。四川南派藏医药为整个藏医药的中坚力量,主要 的方剂。经过筛选和整理,最终共得到672个方剂。
分布在四川甘孜藏族自治州、阿坝藏族羌族自治州和凉 1.2 信息提取与处理
山州木里藏族自治县 。其中,四川甘孜州德格县被认 将672首方剂的相关信息录入“中医传承辅助平台”
[5]
为是南派藏医药的主要发祥地 。目前,“甘孜州南派藏 软件V2.5,提取的信息包括方剂的名称、来源、主治疾病
[6]
医药”已经成为四川省非物质文化遗产(2007年)和国家 以及药物的名称等。为确保数据的准确性,根据藏药部
级非物质文化遗产(2006年)。 颁标准 对方剂中的用药别名进行统一,如“渣驯”“岩
[10]
四川南派藏医药是藏医药的重要组成部分,内容丰 精”统一为“渣驯”,再如“勒哲”“宽筋藤”统一为“宽筋
富,特色鲜明。然而,目前其主治疾病、用药规律等学术 藤”等。
内涵缺乏系统的整理和挖掘,未见相关文献报道。因 1.3 数据分析
此,笔者以《全国九省区民族药质量标准现状调研报告 运用“中医传承辅助平台”软件(V2.5)系统的“数据
[7]
与品种汇编》 、《四川省阿坝州藏族羌族自治州藏药制 分析”模块中的“方剂分析”功能,对四川南派藏医药的
[9]
[8]
剂标准》 、《四川省藏药医院制剂》 收载的四川南派藏 672 首方剂进行组方规律分析。采用软件自带规则分
医药方剂为数据来源,采用基于中医传承辅助平台的数 析、改进的互信息法(软件说明上写明使用的统计方法)
据挖掘、统计分析、组方规律、归纳演绎等办法,系统分 等主要统计方法,依次进行药物频次(指同一种药材在
析了四川南派藏医药制剂的品种特点、主治疾病及其用 不同方剂中出现的次数,其频率则为频次/672×100%)、
药规律等,为南派藏医药的传承和发展提供相关信息, 主治疾病统计、组方规律(“组方规律”是软件上自带的
也为四川南派藏医药中常用药物的开发利用提供参考。 模块,指的是方剂的药物组成规律)分析,包括提取组
中国药房 2019年第30卷第19期 China Pharmacy 2019 Vol. 30 No. 19 ·2663 ·