Page 43 - 《中国药房》2026年10期

黄芪颗粒对脂溢性脱发小鼠毛发生长的影响及机制
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彭 艳 ，邹爱玲 （1.武汉市第五医院皮肤科，武汉 430050；2.黄石市中心医院皮肤科，湖北 黄石 435000）
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中图分类号 R285；R758.71 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2026）10-1277-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.10.07

摘 要 目的 基于Toll样受体4（TLR4）/髓系分化初级反应蛋白88（MyD88）信号通路，探讨黄芪颗粒对脂溢性脱发小鼠毛发生
长的影响及潜在机制。方法 将雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、抑制剂组（0.3 mg/kg 的 TLR4 抑制剂 TAK-242）、黄芪颗粒组
（1.0 g/kg）、黄芪颗粒+激活剂组（1.0 g/kg黄芪颗粒+2.5 mg/kg的TLR4激活剂脂多糖），每组12只。除对照组外，其余各组小鼠均
采用背部涂抹松香-石蜡混合物及皮下注射丙酸睾酮的方式构建脂溢性脱发小鼠模型。造模后，各组小鼠灌胃并腹腔注射相应药
液或（和）生理盐水，每天1次，持续20 d。比较各组小鼠的皮肤颜色转变时间、毛发长出时间；末次给药后，检测各组小鼠的新生
毛发长度、血清中免疫因子[γ干扰素（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）]和性激素[睾酮（T）、双氢睾酮（DHT）]水平以及背部皮肤组织中
毛发生长因子[胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、转化生长因子β1 （TGF-β1 ）]水平，观察其毛囊组织病理改
变及细胞凋亡情况，检测其背部皮肤组织中 TLR4、MyD88 蛋白的表达情况。结果 与对照组比较，模型组小鼠毛囊细胞大小不
一、排列紊乱，黑色素明显减少；其皮肤颜色转变时间，毛发长出时间，IFN-γ、T、DHT、TGF-β1水平，毛囊细胞凋亡率和 TLR4、
MyD88蛋白的表达均显著延长/升高/上调，新生毛发长度、毛囊数和IL-4、IGF-1、VEGF水平均显著缩短/减少/降低（P＜0.05）。与
模型组比较，黄芪颗粒组和抑制剂组小鼠毛囊组织形态明显恢复，上述定量指标均显著改善（P＜0.05），且两者作用相当（P＞
0.05）。TLR4激活剂可显著逆转黄芪颗粒对脂溢性脱发小鼠上述指标的改善作用（P＜0.05）。结论 黄芪颗粒可调节脂溢性脱发
小鼠的免疫功能，减少毛囊细胞凋亡，促进毛发生长；上述作用可能与抑制TLR4/MyD88信号通路激活有关。
关键词 黄芪颗粒；脂溢性脱发；毛发生长；TLR4/MyD88信号通路

Effects and mechanisms of Huangqi granules on hair growth in mice with seborrheic alopecia
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PENG Yan ，ZOU Ailing（1. Dept. of Dermatology， Wuhan Fifth Hospital， Wuhan 430050， China；2. Dept. of
Dermatology， Huangshi Central Hospital， Hubei Huangshi 435000， China）

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of Huangqi granules on hair growth in mice with
seborrheic alopecia based on Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 （MyD88） signaling
pathway. METHODS Male mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， inhibitor group （treated with 0.3 mg/kg
TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242）， Huangqi granules group （treated with 1.0 g/kg Huangqi granules） and Huangqi granules+activator group
（treated with 1.0 g/kg Huangqi granules combined with 2.5 mg/kg TLR4 activator lipopolysaccharide）， with 12 mice in each group.
Except for the control group， the seborrheic alopecia model of mice in other groups was induced by applying rosin-paraffin mixture
on the back and injecting testosterone propionate subcutaneously. After modeling， mice in each group were given intragastric
administration and intraperitoneal injection of corresponding drugs or （and） normal saline once a day for 20 consecutive days. The
time of skin color transition and hair emergence time were compared among those groups. After the last medication， the length of
newly-grown hair， serum levels of immune factors [interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）] and sex hormones [testosterone
（T）， dihydrotestosterone （DHT）]， as well as the levels of hair growth factors [insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF-1）， vascular
endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1 ）] in the dorsal skin tissue were measured in each group.
Pathological changes and cell apoptosis of hair follicle tissue were observed， and the protein expressions of TLR4 and MyD88 in
the dorsal skin tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with the control group， hair follicle cells in the model group were
irregular in size， disordered in arrangement， and showed a significant reduction in melanin content. The time of skin color
transition， hair emergence time， the levels of IFN-γ， T， DHT and TGF-β1， the apoptosis rate of hair follicle cells， as well as the
protein expressions of TLR4 and MyD88 in the model group were significantly prolonged/increased/up-regulated， while the length
of newly-grown hair， the number of hair follicles， and the levels of IL-4， IGF-1 and VEGF were significantly shortened/reduced/
decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the morphological structure of hair follicle tissue in the Huangqi granules
group and inhibitor group was significantly restored， and the
Δ 基金项目 湖北省自然科学基金项目（No.2023AFD021）
above quantitative indicators were significantly improved （P＜
＊第一作者 副主任医师。研究方向：过敏性疾病及毛发疾病。E-
0.05）. Moreover， the effects of the two groups were
mail：acwek2@163.com
# 通信作者 副主任医师，硕士。研究方向：过敏性疾病、特应性皮 comparable （P＞0.05）. The TLR4 activator could significantly
炎、雄激素性脱发。E-mail：zouailing@hbpu.edu.cn reverse the improvement effect of Huangqi granules on the

中国药房 2026年第37卷第10期 China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 10 · 1277 ·