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基于“五级定位”理念的药品货位智能定位软件设计及管理方案
实践研究
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向欣欣 ,杨 茂,李卫平(陆军军医大学第二附属医院药剂科,重庆 400037)
中图分类号 R952 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2026)09-1211-04
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.09.18
摘 要 目的 探索提升货架有效利用率、降低易混淆药品调剂风险的智能化货位管理方案,助推医院住院药房智能化管理升级。
方法 采取信息技术手段,设计一款基于“五级定位”理念的药品货位智能定位软件,即通过整合药理作用、药品用量、外包装颜色、
针剂药品类型及标签样式等优先级信息,采用人机协同模式优化住院药房货位管理流程,并从货位编排效果、调剂内差比率以及
工作体验等多个方面综合评价该药品货位智能定位软件在货架管理中的有效性。结果 对比智能化货位管理方案实施前(2025
年4-5月),实施后(2025年6-7月)针剂药品在货架中间层的占比从59.9 %增加到78.2%,平均内差比率从0.098%降至0.049%;
药品货位智能定位软件实现入库精准定位,既简化管理,又减少调剂差错,药师体验良好;此外,基于“五级定位”理念研发的“药品
货位智能定位软件”获批国家计算机软件著作权1项。结论 该药品货位智能定位软件兼顾货架容量、药品用量、易混淆包装间隔
等实际工作需求,可提供更加精准的药品货位预测和优化方案,基本实现了低差错率和高调剂效率的双优化。
关键词 货位管理;智能定位;定位软件;住院药房;五级定位理念
Design and management scheme practice of intelligent drug shelf positioning software based on the “five-
level positioning” concept
XIANG Xinxin,YANG Mao,LI Weiping(Dept. of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical
University, Chongqing 400037, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To explore an intelligent shelf management scheme aimed at enhancing the effective utilization rate of
shelves and reducing the risk of dispensing errors for easily confused medicine, thereby facilitating the upgrade of intelligent shelf
management in inpatient pharmacies. METHODS An intelligent positioning software based on the “five-level positioning” concept
was designed using informational technology. Human-machine collaboration mode was adopted to optimize the shelf management
process by integrating priority information, including pharmacological action, drug dosage, packaging color, injection drug type,
and label style. Then, the effectiveness of the intelligent positioning software was evaluated comprehensively from multiple aspects
such as shelf location arrangement effect, internal dispensing error rate and work experience. RESULTS Compared with the
application of intelligent shelf management scheme (April-May, 2025), the proportion of injectable drugs on the middle layer
increased from 59.9% to 78.2% after the application of scheme (June-July, 2025); the average internal dispensing error rate
dropped from 0.098% to 0.049%. Intelligent positioning software ensured precise warehousing positioning, simplified management,
reduced dispensing errors and achieved a good experience for pharmacists. In addition, the “intelligent positioning software for
pharmaceutical shelf management”, developed based on the “five-level positioning” concept, had been granted one national
computer software copyright. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the intelligent positioning software fully considers the actual work
needs such as shelf capacity, drug dosage and distance between similar drugs. It can provide accurate prediction of pharmaceutical
shelf and optimization scheme, basically achieving dual optimization of low error rate and high dispensing efficiency.
KEYWORDS shelf management; intelligent positioning; positioning software; inpatient pharmacy; five-level positioning concept
近年来,在国家组织集中采购政策的大背景下,医 大挑战 [1―2] 。医院药品货位管理是防范药品调剂差错的
院药品目录进入更迭的高频期,给药品货位管理带来极 首要一环 。传统货位管理依赖人工,基于药理作用,加
[3]
上“看似”“听似”标签提示进行简单编排 [4―5] 。这种管理
Δ 基金项目 2024年重庆市临床药学重点专科建设项目(No.渝卫 模式下,药师很难在短时间内同时兼顾货架容量、药品
办发〔2023〕69号) 用量、易混淆包装间隔等实际货位管理需求 [6―7] 。虽然
*第一作者 药师,硕士。研究方向:医院药学。E-mail:xxx0408
自动发药设备的广泛使用兼具了部分药品货架的功能,
@tmmu.edu.cn
但目前该设备主要涵盖的是口服类药品,针对品规较多
# 通信作者 副主任药师,硕士。研究方向:医院药学。E-mail:
liweiping@tmmu.edu.cn 的针剂药品,仍采用传统货位管理方式进行摆放,容易
中国药房 2026年第37卷第9期 China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 9 · 1211 ·

