Page 18 - 《中国药房》2026年6期

·药事管理·

不同区域视角下我国居民过期药品回收行为研究
Δ

李小莉 ，王晓慧，王金晶（南华大学经济管理与法学学院，湖南 衡阳 421001）
＊

中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2026）06-0700-08
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.06.02

摘 要 目的 分析我国不同区域居民过期药品的处置行为特征及其影响因素，为过期药品的区域分类治理与政策精准化实施提
供参考。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法，通过线上与线下相结合的方式对样本省份居民开展问卷调查；运用二元Logistic回归分
析，系统探究我国居民过期药品回收的东中西部/城乡差异，识别规范处置行为的核心驱动因素并提出建议。结果 共回收问卷
2 200份，有效问卷2 159份，有效回收率为98.1%。受访居民家庭储药普遍（67.7%），但定期清理率低（仅57.7%），约半数（49.7%）
居民家中存在过期药品，且对过期药品的不规范处置行为占主流，回收便利性不足是不规范处置过期药品的首要动因（50.1%）。
东中西部、城乡居民在家庭储药率、过期药品持有率等方面差异显著（P＜0.05），而不同区域规范处置率的差异则无统计学意义
（P＞0.05）。居民对过期药品健康危害的认知水平高于对环境危害的认知水平（“比较了解”“非常了解”占比分别为 46.0%、
32.1%），但总体规范回收参与率仅为37.6%。在未参与回收的居民中，“回收点太远”（46.6%）、“不知道回收渠道”（46.1%）和“无激励
措施”（48.1%）是关键阻碍因素。受访居民较信任药品监管部门和回收现场工作人员（“很信任”分别占31.2%、34.7%）。二元Logis‐
tic回归分析结果显示，环境危害认知与回收点可达性是规范处置的核心驱动因素。结论 我国居民过期药品回收存在“行为不规
范、认知有偏差、体系不均衡”的突出问题。建议构建“东部提质、中部扩面、西部托底”的梯度化回收网络，实施精准化宣传教育与
差异化激励政策，同时兼顾老年群体等特殊需求，以实现回收体系的空间均等化与服务优质化。
关键词 过期药品回收；处置行为；东中西部；城乡；区域差异；Logistic回归分析

Expired medicine recycling behavior among Chinese residents across regional divisions
LI Xiaoli，WANG Xiaohui，WANG Jinjing（School of Economics， Management and Law， University of South
China， Hunan Hengyang 421001， China）

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of disposal behavior of expired medicines
among Chinese residents across regional divisions， and to provide references for regional classification management and precise
policy implementation regarding expired medicines. METHODS A stratified random sampling method was employed to conduct a
questionnaire survey among residents across sample provinces and cities， utilizing a combination of online and offline approaches.
Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to systematically explore the regional （eastern， central and western regions） and urban-
rural disparities in the recycling of expired medicines among Chinese residents， identify the core driving factors influencing
standardized disposal behaviors， and propose corresponding recommendations. RESULTS A total of 2 200 questionnaires were
collected， with 2 159 deemed valid， yielding an effective response rate of 98.1%. The surveyed residents commonly stored
medicines at home （67.7%）， yet the rate of regular medicine clearance was low （only 57.7%）. Nearly half of the residents
（49.7%） had expired medicines in their households， with improper disposal of expired medicines remaining the predominant
behavior. Insufficient convenience in recycling was identified as the primary reason for improper disposal of expired medicines
（50.1%）. Statistically significant differences were observed between residents in the eastern， central and western regions， as well as
between urban and rural residents， in terms of household medicine storage rates and the prevalence of expired medicine possession
（P＜0.05）. However， no statistically significant difference was found in the standardized disposal rates across regional divisions
（P＞0.05）. Furthermore， the residents demonstrated a higher level of awareness regarding the health hazards of expired medicines
compared to their awareness of environmental hazards， with 46.0% and 32.1% indicating they were “relatively familiar” and “very
familiar”， respectively. The participation rate in standardized recycling was only 37.6%. Among non-participating residents， the
three primary barriers were “recycling points being too far away” （46.6%）， “unawareness of recycling channels” （46.1%） and
“lack of incentives” （48.1%）. The surveyed residents showed relatively high trust in pharmaceutical regulatory authorities and on-
site recycling personnel， with “high trust” accounting for
Δ 基金项目 教育部人文社会科学研究项目（No.23YJC630096）；
31.2% and 34.7%， respectively. Binary Logistic regression
湖南省自然科学基金项目（No.2023JJ40559）
＊第一作者 副教授，博士。研究方向：供应链管理、过期药品回收 analysis results indicated that the awareness of environmental
管理。E-mail：lixiaoli1949@163.com hazards and the accessibility of recycling points were the core

· 700 · China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 6 中国药房 2026年第37卷第6期