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Boosting  Machine,  Random  Forest,  and  Categorical  Boosting  models  were  constructed.  Model  performance  was  evaluated  using
          metrics  including  the  area  under  the  curve (AUC)  of  receiver  operating  characteristic  curve  and  recall  rate.  The  Shapley Additive
          exPlanations (SHAP)  method  was  applied  to  analyze  and  interpret  the  contribution  of  each  variable. A  nomogram  was  constructed
          based  on  the  optimal  model.  RESULTS  A  total  of  38  trigger  items  for  active  monitoring  of  bevacizumab-related  ADR  were
          determined,  comprising  17  laboratory  indicators,  13  clinical  manifestations,  and  8  intervention  measures.  In  total,  483  patients
          with  positive  trigger  items  were  included,  and  318  patients  with  bevacizumab-induced ADR  were  identified,  including  83  SARs.
          The  positive  predictive  values  for  the  trigger  items  and  cases  were  43.57% (708/1  625)  and  63.84% (318/483),  respectively.
          Bevacizumab-induced  ADR  involved  7  systems/organs,  with  the  hematological  system  being  the  most  frequently  involved
         (64.15%).  The  Boruta  algorithm  selected  7  variables:  serum  potassium,  hematocrit,  albumin-to-globulin  ratio,  prealbumin,
          hypertension  history,  age  and  red  blood  cell  count.  Multivariable  Logistic  regression  showed  that  elevated  serum  potassium  levels
          were  associated  with  a  decreased  risk  of  bevacizumab-induced  SAR (OR=0.234,  P=0.002),  while  a  history  of  hypertension
         (OR=2.642,  P=0.006)  and  increased  age (OR=1.040,  P=0.025)  were  associated  with  an  increased  risk.  The  Logistic
          Regression model demonstrated superior performance with higher AUC, F1 score and recall rate (0.761, 0.447, 0.607), compared
          to  other  models.  SHAP  evaluation  results  indicated  that  variables  such  as  serum  potassium,  hematocrit,  and  age  ranked  highest  in
          importance.  CONCLUSIONS  Totally  38  trigger  entries  have  been  successfully  identified  for  active  screening  of  bevacizumab-
          related ADR.  Elevated  serum  potassium  levels  are  a  protective  factor  against  bevacizumab-induced  SAR,  whereas  the  hypertension
          history and increased age are risk factors. The Logistic Regression model is the optimal predictive model.
          KEYWORDS     bevacizumab; adverse drug reaction; global trigger tool; machine learning; predictive model



              癌症是导致疾病发生和死亡的重要原因。在全球                           1 资料与方法
          范围内,我国新发癌症及死亡病例数的占比均较为突                             1.1 触发器条目确定
          出,给卫生系统和患者家庭造成了沉重的经济负担                      [1―2] 。     依据GTT白皮书、药品说明书及相关文献                [8―11] ,结合
          近年来,分子靶向治疗发展迅速,贝伐珠单抗(bevaci‐                        桂林市人民医院(以下简称“我院”)实际情况,本研究初
          zumab)作为代表性抗血管生成单克隆抗体,可特异性结                         步拟定45项触器发条目,涵盖检验指标、临床表现、干预
          合血管内皮生长因子A,阻断其与血管内皮生长因子受                            措施三大类。通过单轮德尔菲法就上述初拟条目向8名
          体2结合,进而抑制肿瘤细胞新生血管形成,有效延缓癌                           专家进行函询,并采用专家打分法计算各条目的重要性
                [3]
          症进展 。然而,贝伐珠单抗可引发蛋白尿、出血、消化                           均值(Mj )、专家权威系数(Cr )、变异系数(Vj ),以评估专
                                                                                     [12]
          道穿孔等严重不良反应(severe adverse reaction,SAR),            家意见的一致性与可靠性 。最终以 Vj>0.35 且 Mj<
                                                                      [12]
          其机制主要涉及血管舒张障碍、肾脏滤过屏障受损以及                            3.5为标准 ,确定贝伐珠单抗相关ADR触发器条目。
                          [4]
          血管修复功能减弱 ;同时,贝伐珠单抗相关SAR还可能                          1.2 病例筛选
                                                                  本研究采用回顾性研究方法,在中国医院药物警戒
          导致患者治疗中断或住院时间延长,亟须临床加强
                                                              系统(China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System,CHPS)
          识别。
                                                              中检索 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 9 月 10 日于我院住院
              目前,药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)监
                                                              并使用贝伐珠单抗患者的相关记录。具体操作如下:依
          测主要依赖自发上报系统,但该系统存在上报率低、信
                                [5]
          息不完整、易遗漏等不足 。全面触发工具(global trig‐                    据“1.1”项下确定的触发器条目,药师在 CHPS 的“药品
                                                              评价系统”模块中完成规则配置及关键字段术语匹配;
                                                   [6]
          ger tool,GTT)作为可主动识别ADR的工具之一 ,已广
                                                              随后,CHPS 基于医嘱、病程及检验信息自动筛查、关联
          泛应用于抗真菌药、抗肿瘤药物的相关研究                   [5,7] ,但其用
                                                              并导出相关病历资料。本研究患者的纳入标准包括:
          于如贝伐珠单抗等具体药物安全性监测的报道相对缺
                                                             (1)接受贝伐珠单抗治疗的所有住院患者;(2)年龄≥18
          乏。随着电子病历与临床大数据的积累,机器学习技术
                                                              岁;(3)触发器条目阳性;(4)住院时间≥24 h。本研究患
          在 ADR 监测、安全风险评估方面展现出较高的建模灵
                                                              者的排除标准包括:(1)主要住院信息缺失者;(2)经核
          活性和良好的预测性能,可在传统统计学分析基础上进                            实未使用贝伐珠单抗者。本研究方案已获我院伦理委
          一步强化临床对高危患者的识别能力。基于此,本研究                            员会批准(批准号为2021-033KY)。
          首先结合GTT理念确定贝伐珠单抗相关ADR触发器条                           1.3 ADR判定与分级
          目,据此筛选触发器条目阳性的患者病历;随后,通过人                               针对病历资料,由 2 名初级职称药师判断是否发生
          工审核判定ADR并描述其临床特征;最后,挖掘贝伐珠                           ADR;若存在分歧,则由高级职称药师复核裁决。具体
          单抗致 SAR 的危险/保护因素,构建并优选机器学习模                         操作如下:依据WHO-乌普萨拉监测中心制定的ADR判
          型,将最优模型以列线图形式呈现,以期提高临床对该                            定标准,对可疑ADR(触发器条目阳性)与贝伐珠单抗的
          药相关 ADR 的早期识别及风险评估能力,为临床优化                          因果关系(包括“肯定”“很可能”“可能”“不太可能”“待
                                                                                     [13]
          治疗方案提供参考。                                           定”“无法评价”)进行评估 ;随后,结合不良事件通用

          · 498 ·    China Pharmacy  2026 Vol. 37  No. 4                               中国药房  2026年第37卷第4期
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