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桔梗汤化学成分、药理作用机制及临床应用的研究进展
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黄 云 1, 2* ,黄顺旺 ,乔金为 ,徐 倩 ,高晓明 ,鲍学梅 ,杨满琴 ,谢若男 ,蔡 明 (1.安徽中医药大学
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第二附属医院药学部,合肥 230061;2.谢若男安徽省名中药师工作室,合肥 230061;3.合肥创新医药技术有
限公司,合肥 230088)
中图分类号 R965;R284 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)18-2348-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.18.23
摘 要 桔梗汤是由桔梗和甘草两味中药组成的经典方剂,具有宣肺祛痰、利咽排脓的功效,常用于治疗咳嗽、咽喉肿痛等呼吸道
疾病。本文对桔梗汤的化学成分、药理作用机制以及临床应用进行综述,发现桔梗汤含三萜皂苷类、黄酮类、糖苷类、酸类等成分,
桔梗皂苷D、桔梗皂苷D2、甘草酸、甘草次酸、甘草素等为主要药效成分;桔梗汤及其化学成分能通过抑制核因子κB、促分裂原活
化的蛋白激酶等信号通路发挥抗炎作用,并能通过调节肿瘤免疫微环境、促进癌细胞凋亡等机制发挥抗肿瘤作用,同时还具有抗
菌、抗病毒、抗氧化等多种药理作用。桔梗汤及其加减方和复方组合在临床广泛用于治疗咳嗽、肺炎、咽炎等呼吸系统疾病和便秘
等消化系统疾病。
关键词 桔梗汤;化学成分;药理作用;临床应用
Research progress on the chemical constituents, pharmacological mechanisms and clinical application of
Jiegeng decoction
HUANG Yun ,HUANG Shunwang ,QIAO Jinwei ,XU Qian ,GAO Xiaoming ,BAO Xuemei ,YANG
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Manqin ,XIE Ruonan ,CAI Ming (1. Dept. of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University
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of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China;2. Xie Ruonan Anhui Province Famous Chinese Pharmacist Studio,
Hefei 230061, China;3. Hefei Innovation Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, China)
ABSTRACT Jiegeng decoction is a classic prescription composed of two Chinese medicinal herbs: Platycodon grandiflorum and
Glycyrrhiza uralensis. It has the efficacy of diffusing lung qi, resolving phlegm, relieving sore throat and discharging pus, and is
commonly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as cough and pharyngodynia. This article reviews the chemical
components, pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications of Jiegeng decoction. It was found that Jiegeng decoction
contains triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, acids, and other components, with platycodin D, platycodin D2,
glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, etc., serving as the main active pharmaceutical ingredients. Jiegeng decoction and
its chemical constituents exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-
activated protein kinases, and demonstrate anti-tumor activities through mechanisms like modulating the tumor immune
microenvironment and promoting cancer cell apoptosis. Additionally, it exhibits various pharmacological actions including
antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. Clinically, Jiegeng decoction, its modified prescription and compound combinations
are widely used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as cough, pneumonia, and pharyngitis, as well as digestive system
disorders like constipation.
KEYWORDS Jiegeng decoction; chemical constituents; pharmacological effects; clinical application
桔梗汤最早记载于东汉时期《伤寒杂病论》,收录于 经典名方目录(第二批)》,是治疗咽痛、咳嗽的经典名
国家中医药管理局和国家药品监督管理局发布的《古代 方 ,其临床价值与传承意义重大。根据经典名方关键
[1]
信息记载,桔梗汤由“桔梗一两,甘草二两,以水三升,煮
Δ 基金项目 安 徽 省 高 校 自 然 科 学 研 究 重 点 项 目(No.
[2]
取一升,去滓”而得,桔梗与甘草的比例为1∶2 。近年来
2023AH050866);安徽省高校优秀青年教师项目(No.YQYB2024030);
安徽省名中药师工作室项目(No.皖中医药发展秘〔2023〕23号);安徽 围绕桔梗汤中化学成分的药理作用研究表明,桔梗皂苷
中医药大学第二附属医院“杏林英才”培育计划 D、桔梗多糖、槲皮素、甘草酸、甘草苷、甘草多糖等活性
*第一作者 主管药师。研究方向 :药品质量标准。E-mail: [3]
成分均具有镇咳祛痰、抗炎、抗病毒和免疫调节作用 。
hy13865919508@sina.com
现代临床应用和实验研究亦证明,桔梗汤不仅具有止咳
# 通信作者 副主任药师,博士。研究方向:中药复方物质基础与
[4]
中药药理学。E-mail:caiming@ahtcm.edu.cn 祛痰功效,还具有解热镇痛、抗炎、抗病毒等作用 。但
· 2348 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 18 中国药房 2025年第36卷第18期

