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微管蛋白抑制剂在前列腺癌中的应用进展
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郭 楠 ,窦宝凯,张 晶(山东第一医科大学附属省立医院药学部,济南 250021)
*
中图分类号 R979.1;R737.25 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)13-1683-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.13.22
摘 要 前列腺癌进入转移性去势抵抗阶段后,临床治疗面临重要挑战。微管蛋白抑制剂因其独特的作用机制,已成为转移性去
势抵抗性前列腺癌治疗的一线药物。其中,紫杉烷类微管蛋白抑制剂(如多西他赛和卡巴他赛)因明确的生存获益被列为标准治
疗方案,而其他类微管蛋白抑制剂(如长春新碱、秋水仙碱)因毒性较大应用受限。目前,临床主要采用基于多西他赛的三联疗法、
联用免疫检查点抑制剂的策略来改善前列腺癌患者预后,逆转肿瘤微环境免疫抑制状态,增强疗效。尽管微管蛋白抑制剂在前列
腺癌治疗中取得了显著的临床疗效,但出现的耐药问题限制了其长期应用,为此研究者们探索了新的解决办法,包括开发新型微
管蛋白抑制剂与三磷酸腺苷结合盒亚家族B成员1抑制剂、联合使用脂肪酸合成酶抑制剂与微管蛋白抑制剂、基于蛋白质降解靶
向嵌合体技术开发降解剂等。未来研究需致力于新靶点开发、药物剂型改良和个体化联合方案制定,以突破当前治疗瓶颈。
关键词 前列腺癌;转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌;微管蛋白抑制剂;多西他赛;联合治疗;耐药
Progress in the application of microtubulin inhibitors in prostate cancer
GUO Nan,DOU Baokai,ZHANG Jing(Dept. of Pharmacy, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First
Medical University, Jinan 250021, China)
ABSTRACT When prostate cancer (PCa) progresses to the metastatic castration-resistant stage, significant challenges arise in
clinical treatment. Microtubulin inhibitors have become first-line drugs for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant PCa due to
their unique mechanism of action. Among them, taxanes (e.g. docetaxel and cabazitaxel) remain standard care with proven survival
benefits, while other microtubule inhibitors (e.g. vincristine, colchicine) show limited clinical utility due to toxicity. Currently, the
clinical approach primarily employs docetaxel-based triple therapy and combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors to improve the
prognosis of PCa patients, reverse the immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment, and enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Despite the remarkable clinical efficacy of microtubule inhibitors in the treatment of PCa, the emergence of drug resistance has
limited their long-term application. To address this issue, researchers have explored new solutions, including the development of
novel microtubule inhibitors in combination with ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 inhibitors, the concurrent use of fatty
acid synthase inhibitors with microtubule inhibitors, and the development of degraders based on proteolysis-targeting chimeras
technology. Future research should focus on target discovery, drug formulation optimization, and personalized approaches to
overcome current therapeutic limitations.
KEYWORDS prostate cancer; metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; microtubule inhibitors; docetaxel; combination
therapy; drug resistance
前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)是男性常见的恶性 性前列腺癌(metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer,
[3]
[1]
肿瘤,其发病率在美国癌症中居首位 ,在我国的发病率 mCRPC),导致治疗困难 。近年来,微管蛋白抑制剂因
[4]
[2]
也逐渐上升 。PCa 具有转移性,常发展为转移性激素 其独特作用机制成为mCRPC的一线治疗药物 。
敏感性前列腺癌(metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate 微管蛋白是细胞骨架核心,主要含 α、β 两种类型,
可通过动态组装形成微管结构,对细胞分裂至关重要;
cancer,mHSPC)。雄激素剥夺治疗(androgen depriva‐
一旦微管蛋白平衡被干扰,即可抑制肿瘤细胞有丝分
tion therapy,ADT)是其核心疗法,可通过降低雄激素水
裂,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡 。此外,微管蛋白还参与了雄激
[5]
平抑制肿瘤生长,但多数患者会进展为转移性去势抵抗
素受体(androgen receptor,AR)的核转运过程,AR 与雄
Δ 基金项目 山东省自然科学基金面上项目(No.ZR2022MH317) 激素结合后,可通过微管网络进入细胞核,推动细胞增
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:前列腺癌耐药机制。
[6]
殖、迁移及上皮间质转化,对PCa进展至关重要 。微管
E-mail:1726505775@qq.com
蛋白抑制剂可分为两类,一类是可促进微管蛋白聚合、
# 通信作者 主任药师,硕士生导师。研究方向:医院药学、前列腺
癌耐药机制。E-mail:15168889882@163.com 稳定微管、阻滞细胞周期并诱导细胞凋亡的紫杉烷类药
中国药房 2025年第36卷第13期 China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 13 · 1683 ·