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内蒙古地区吉西他滨的药物不良反应及危险因素分析
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          杨胜男    1, 2* ,世 伟 ,赵玉芳 ,刘治恩 ,雷雯朴 ,张亚男 ,赵 科 ,郭 浩 (1. 内蒙古自治区人民
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          医院药学处,呼和浩特 010017;2.内蒙古自治区基本药物与临床综合评价中心,呼和浩特 010017;3.内蒙古
          自治区药物警戒中心,呼和浩特 010041)
          中图分类号  R969.3;R979.1      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2025)04-0486-05
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.04.17
          摘   要  目的  对国家药品集中带量采购(以下简称“集采”)注射用吉西他滨的药物不良反应(ADR)发生特点及危险因素进行分
          析,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法  采用回顾性研究方法,收集2022年1月-2023年12月内蒙古自治区上报国家ADR监测系
          统的注射用吉西他滨的相关病例报告,收集患者基本信息、用药情况及患者转归、合理用药等信息,分析白细胞减少、骨髓抑制、中
          性粒细胞减少、血小板减少和肝功能异常患者ADR的发生特点。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析患者的性别、年龄、联用
          抗肿瘤药物、原患恶性肿瘤及药物剂量等与ADR的相关性。结果  本研究共纳入315份(315例患者)集采吉西他滨致ADR病例报
          告,患者男女占比为1.42∶1;年龄为(61.17±9.13)岁;原患恶性肿瘤以胰腺癌患者最多(73例,占23.17%)。ADR以白细胞减少、骨
          髓抑制和恶心较为常见,其次为中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少、肝功能异常等。ADR 的严重程度分级以 1~2 级为主,大部分
          ADR 转归情况良好。多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示,联用抗肿瘤药物是骨髓抑制及中性粒细胞减少的危险因素(RR=
          2.154,95%CI 为 1.218~3.807,P=0.008;RR=3.099,95%CI 为 1.240~7.744,P=0.016);患者的性别(女性)是白细胞减少及肝功
          能异常的危险因素(RR=0.508,95%CI为0.302~0.853,P=0.010;RR=0.301,95%CI为0.102~0.887,P=0.029)。用药合理性方
          面,符合说明书适应证用药的有143例(45.40%),超说明书用药的有172例(54.60%),其中原患恶性肿瘤为膀胱癌、胆管癌和卵巢
          癌用药位居超说明书用药前3位。结论  内蒙古地区吉西他滨致ADR发生以血液系统、消化系统为主,ADR严重程度分级主要为
          1~2级,且大部分ADR转归情况良好。性别(女性)和联合用药是吉西他滨致ADR发生的危险因素。应根据患者的病情和身体
          状况,选择合适的化疗方案,并在吉西他滨用药期间重点监护血液系统和消化系统ADR。
          关键词  吉西他滨;药物不良反应;危险因素;合理用药

          Analysis of gemcitabine adverse drug reactions and risk factors in Inner Mongolia
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          YANG Shengnan ,SHI Wei ,ZHAO Yufang ,LIU Zhien ,LEI Wenpu ,ZHANG Yanan ,ZHAO Ke ,
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          GUO Hao (1.  Dept.  of  Pharmacy,  Inner  Mongolia  People’s  Hospital,  Hohhot  010017,  China;2.  Inner
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          Mongolia Comprehensive Evaluation Center for Essential Drugs and Clinical Evaluation, Hohhot 010017, China;
          3. Pharmacovigilance Center of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010041, China)
          ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE  To  analyze  the  occurrence  characteristics  and  risk  factors  of  adverse  drug  reactions (ADR)  of
          gemcitabine  for  injection  in  national  centralized  volume-based  procurement (hereinafter  referred  to  as “centralized  procurement”),
          and provide reference for clinical safe drug use. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to collect the relevant case reports
          of  gemcitabine  for  injection  reported  to  the  National  Adverse  Drug  Reaction  Monitoring  System  by  Inner  Mongolia  Autonomous
          Region  from  January  2022  to  December  2023;  basic  information  of  patients,  drug  use  status,  patient  outcomes,  rational  drug  use
          and other information were collected, and the occurrence characteristics of ADRs with leukopenia, myelosuppression, neutropenia,
          thrombocytopenia and liver dysfunction were analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze
          the  correlation  of  gender,  age,  combination  of  antitumor  drugs,  original  malignant  tumor  and  drug  dose  with ADR.  RESULTS  A
          total  of  315  cases  reports (315  patients)  of  gemcitabine-induced ADR  were  included  in  this  study,  with  a  male-to-female  ratio  of
          1.42∶1  and  age  of (61.17±9.13)  years.  The  primary  malignant  tumor  was  pancreatic  cancer (73  cases,  23.17%).  Leukopenia,
          myelosuppression  and  nausea  were  the  most  common ADR,  followed  by  neutropenia,  thrombocytopenia,  liver  dysfunction  and  so
          on. The severity grade of ADR was mainly 1-2, and the outcome of most ADR was good. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis
          showed  that  combination  of  antitumor  drugs  was  a  risk  factor  for  myelosuppression  and  neutropenia (RR=2.154,  95%CI:  1.218-
          3.807,  P=0.008;  RR=3.099,  95%CI:  1.240-7.744,  P=0.016);  gender (female)  was  a  risk  factor  for  leukopenia  and  liver
                                                              dysfunction  (RR=0.508,  95%CI:  0.302-0.853,  P=0.010;
              Δ 基金项目 中国研究型医院学会临床重点药品的使用监测和评
                                                              RR=0.301,  95%CI:  0.102-0.887,  P=0.029).  In  terms  of
          价研究专项课题(No.Y2024FH-YWPJ02-302)                      drug  use  rationality,  there  were  143  cases (45.40%)  of  drug
             *第一作者 药师,硕士。研究方向:医院药学。E-mail:ysn0429@
          126.com                                             use  in  accordance  with  the  indications  of  the  label,  and  172
              # 通信作者 副主任药师,博士。研究方向:循证药学。E-mail:               cases (54.60%)  of  off-label  drug  use.  Among  them,  the
          guohao19870323@yeah.net                             primary  malignant  tumors  were  bladder  cancer,  bile  duct


          · 486 ·    China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 4                               中国药房  2025年第36卷第4期
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