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内蒙古地区吉西他滨的药物不良反应及危险因素分析
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杨胜男 1, 2* ,世 伟 ,赵玉芳 ,刘治恩 ,雷雯朴 ,张亚男 ,赵 科 ,郭 浩 (1. 内蒙古自治区人民
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医院药学处,呼和浩特 010017;2.内蒙古自治区基本药物与临床综合评价中心,呼和浩特 010017;3.内蒙古
自治区药物警戒中心,呼和浩特 010041)
中图分类号 R969.3;R979.1 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)04-0486-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.04.17
摘 要 目的 对国家药品集中带量采购(以下简称“集采”)注射用吉西他滨的药物不良反应(ADR)发生特点及危险因素进行分
析,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,收集2022年1月-2023年12月内蒙古自治区上报国家ADR监测系
统的注射用吉西他滨的相关病例报告,收集患者基本信息、用药情况及患者转归、合理用药等信息,分析白细胞减少、骨髓抑制、中
性粒细胞减少、血小板减少和肝功能异常患者ADR的发生特点。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析患者的性别、年龄、联用
抗肿瘤药物、原患恶性肿瘤及药物剂量等与ADR的相关性。结果 本研究共纳入315份(315例患者)集采吉西他滨致ADR病例报
告,患者男女占比为1.42∶1;年龄为(61.17±9.13)岁;原患恶性肿瘤以胰腺癌患者最多(73例,占23.17%)。ADR以白细胞减少、骨
髓抑制和恶心较为常见,其次为中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少、肝功能异常等。ADR 的严重程度分级以 1~2 级为主,大部分
ADR 转归情况良好。多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示,联用抗肿瘤药物是骨髓抑制及中性粒细胞减少的危险因素(RR=
2.154,95%CI 为 1.218~3.807,P=0.008;RR=3.099,95%CI 为 1.240~7.744,P=0.016);患者的性别(女性)是白细胞减少及肝功
能异常的危险因素(RR=0.508,95%CI为0.302~0.853,P=0.010;RR=0.301,95%CI为0.102~0.887,P=0.029)。用药合理性方
面,符合说明书适应证用药的有143例(45.40%),超说明书用药的有172例(54.60%),其中原患恶性肿瘤为膀胱癌、胆管癌和卵巢
癌用药位居超说明书用药前3位。结论 内蒙古地区吉西他滨致ADR发生以血液系统、消化系统为主,ADR严重程度分级主要为
1~2级,且大部分ADR转归情况良好。性别(女性)和联合用药是吉西他滨致ADR发生的危险因素。应根据患者的病情和身体
状况,选择合适的化疗方案,并在吉西他滨用药期间重点监护血液系统和消化系统ADR。
关键词 吉西他滨;药物不良反应;危险因素;合理用药
Analysis of gemcitabine adverse drug reactions and risk factors in Inner Mongolia
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YANG Shengnan ,SHI Wei ,ZHAO Yufang ,LIU Zhien ,LEI Wenpu ,ZHANG Yanan ,ZHAO Ke ,
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GUO Hao (1. Dept. of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot 010017, China;2. Inner
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Mongolia Comprehensive Evaluation Center for Essential Drugs and Clinical Evaluation, Hohhot 010017, China;
3. Pharmacovigilance Center of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010041, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the occurrence characteristics and risk factors of adverse drug reactions (ADR) of
gemcitabine for injection in national centralized volume-based procurement (hereinafter referred to as “centralized procurement”),
and provide reference for clinical safe drug use. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to collect the relevant case reports
of gemcitabine for injection reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System by Inner Mongolia Autonomous
Region from January 2022 to December 2023; basic information of patients, drug use status, patient outcomes, rational drug use
and other information were collected, and the occurrence characteristics of ADRs with leukopenia, myelosuppression, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia and liver dysfunction were analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze
the correlation of gender, age, combination of antitumor drugs, original malignant tumor and drug dose with ADR. RESULTS A
total of 315 cases reports (315 patients) of gemcitabine-induced ADR were included in this study, with a male-to-female ratio of
1.42∶1 and age of (61.17±9.13) years. The primary malignant tumor was pancreatic cancer (73 cases, 23.17%). Leukopenia,
myelosuppression and nausea were the most common ADR, followed by neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, liver dysfunction and so
on. The severity grade of ADR was mainly 1-2, and the outcome of most ADR was good. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis
showed that combination of antitumor drugs was a risk factor for myelosuppression and neutropenia (RR=2.154, 95%CI: 1.218-
3.807, P=0.008; RR=3.099, 95%CI: 1.240-7.744, P=0.016); gender (female) was a risk factor for leukopenia and liver
dysfunction (RR=0.508, 95%CI: 0.302-0.853, P=0.010;
Δ 基金项目 中国研究型医院学会临床重点药品的使用监测和评
RR=0.301, 95%CI: 0.102-0.887, P=0.029). In terms of
价研究专项课题(No.Y2024FH-YWPJ02-302) drug use rationality, there were 143 cases (45.40%) of drug
*第一作者 药师,硕士。研究方向:医院药学。E-mail:ysn0429@
126.com use in accordance with the indications of the label, and 172
# 通信作者 副主任药师,博士。研究方向:循证药学。E-mail: cases (54.60%) of off-label drug use. Among them, the
guohao19870323@yeah.net primary malignant tumors were bladder cancer, bile duct
· 486 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 4 中国药房 2025年第36卷第4期