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each  group  were  given  the  corresponding  drug  solutions  or  normal  saline  by  gavage  or/and  intraperitoneal  injection  once  a  day  for
          14 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the disease activity index (DAI) and colonic mucosal damage
          index (CMDI) were employed to assess the severity of UC and colonic mucosal damage in each group. Colonic tissue pathological
          changes  were  observed,  and  histopathological  scores  were  recorded. Apoptosis  in  colonic  tissue,  levels  of  inflammatory  cytokines
          [tumor  necrosis  factor- α (TNF- α),  interferon- β (IFN- β),  interleukin-4 (IL-4),  IL-10],  and  expressions  of  pathway-related
          proteins [STING, TBK1, IRF3, nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65)] were detected. RESULTS Compared with the control group,
          the  model  group  showed  severe  destruction  of  colonic  mucosa  and  glandular  structure,  mucosal  epithelial  erosion,  crypt  loss,
          marked  inflammatory  cell  infiltration;  it  also  demonstrated  significant  increase  in  DAI  score,  CMDI  score,  colonic
          histopathological  score,  apoptosis  rate,  the  levels  of  TNF-α  and  IFN-β,  and  protein  expression  of  STING  and  phosphorylation
          levels of TBK1, IRF3 and NF-κB p65, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with
          the  model  group,  the  low-  and  high-dose  ASP  groups  showed  relatively  intact  colonic  mucosal  structure,  orderly  glandular
          arrangement,  reduced  congestion  and  edema,  and  markedly  reduced  inflammatory  cell  infiltration  and  ulcers;  all  quantitative
          indicators were significantly improved, with the high-dose group showing more pronounced improvements than the low-dose group
         (P<0.05).  Compared  with  the  high-dose  ASP  group,  the  above  indicators  of  rats  in  the  high-dose  ASP+STING  activator  group
          were  significantly  reversed (P<0.05).  CONCLUSIONS  ASP  may  alleviate  colonic  pathological  injury  and  inflammatory  response
          in UC rats by inhibiting the STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway.
          KEYWORDS    asperuloside;  ulcerative  colitis;  colonic  pathological  injury;  inflammatory  response;  STING/TBK1/IRF3  signaling
          pathway



              溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)是一种慢性复            于NF-κB的上游,故本课题组推测该通路可能是ASP的
          发性炎症性胃肠系统疾病,可造成结肠黏膜层炎症损                            潜在作用靶点。基于此,本研究从 STING/TBK1/IRF3
                                                       [1]
          伤,破坏胃肠道黏膜屏障,增加结直肠癌的发生风险 。                          信号通路出发,初步探讨ASP对UC的影响及潜在机制,
          目前,UC的治疗方式主要包括药物治疗及手术治疗,但                          旨在为UC治疗新药的开发提供参考。
          效果有限,且存在一定的安全风险,因此寻找更有效的                           1 材料
                                                [2]
          低风险治疗手段是当前学界的研究重点之一 。                              1.1 主要仪器
              近年来,天然化合物及其衍生物因疗效好、毒副作                             本研究采用的主要仪器包括SM-101型光学显微镜
          用小而备受学界关注。车叶草苷(asperuloside,ASP)是                 (澳大利亚 KEWLAB 公司)、DMi8-S 型荧光显微镜(德
          一种环烯醚萜苷类成分,分离自茜草科植物,具有较强                           国 Leica 公司)、3000FA 型酶标仪(上海闪谱生物科技
          的抗炎、抗氧化作用,可用于治疗急性肺损伤、尿酸性肾                          有限公司)、OmegaLum G 型蛋白凝胶成像系统(美国
                                         [3]
          病和类风湿性关节炎等炎症性疾病 。研究证实,ASP                          Aplegen公司)等。
          可改善非酒精性脂肪性肝病小鼠的肝脏脂质沉积和炎                            1.2 主要药品与试剂
                [4]
          症反应 。干扰素基因刺激因子(stimulator of interferon                ASP 原料药(批号 BH-R3019,纯度≥99%)购自上
          genes,STING)是一种衔接蛋白,主要存在于内质网中,                     海博湖生物科技有限公司;STING 激活剂 ADU-S100 的
          可通过作用于异常的细胞质DNA来调控先天免疫反应                           原料药(批号 HY-12885A,纯度≥99.83%)购自美国
          过程 。当 STING 被激活后,可通过募集和激活 TANK                     MedChemExpress 公司;三硝基苯磺酸、苏木精-伊红
              [5]
          结合激酶 1(TANK binding kinase 1,TBK1)和干扰素调           (HE)染色试剂盒(批号分别为YR0417、YR0059)均购自
          节因子 3(interferon regulatory factor 3,IRF3)来启动下     上海远慕生物科技有限公司;TUNEL 凋亡检测试剂盒

          游核因子 κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)信号的转导,最           (批号 A111-01)购自苏州新赛美生物科技有限公司;肿
          终导致 β 干扰素(interferon-β,IFN-β)的产生 。研究发              瘤坏死因子 α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞
                                                [6]
          现,茯苓酸可通过抑制环磷酸鸟苷-腺苷酸合成酶/                            介素 4(interleukin-4,IL-4)、IL-10 酶联免疫吸附测定
          STING信号通路来抑制TBK1和IRF3的表达,从而减轻                     (ELISA)试剂盒(批号分别为 70-EK3823/2、70-EK3041/
                                [7]
          UC 大鼠肠上皮细胞损伤 。据报道,ASP 可通过抑制                        2、70-EK3101/2)均购自杭州联科生物技术有限公司;
          NF-κB 信号通路来改善慢性结肠炎小鼠的结肠氧化应                         IFN-β ELISA 试剂盒(批号 E-EL-R0545)购自武汉伊莱
                      [8]
          激和炎症反应 。由于 STING/TBK1/IRF3 信号通路位                   瑞特生物科技股份有限公司;兔源 TBK1、磷酸化 TBK1

          中国药房  2024年第35卷第22期                                              China Pharmacy  2024 Vol. 35  No. 22    · 2757 ·
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