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组同期,其原因可能为机械通气当日患者病情更重,胃                                2023,23(1):220.
          运动功能障碍也更严重,病情好转后胃运动功能有所改                           [ 7 ]  WANG  P  L,SONG  M  X,WANG  X  L,et  al.  Effect  of
          善;阿片类药物的使用虽抑制了胃运动,但联合艾司氯                                esketamine on opioid consumption and postoperative pain
          胺酮有助于减少阿片类药物的使用量,从而改善患者的                                in  thyroidectomy:a  randomized  controlled  trial[J].  Br  J
                                                                  Clin Pharmacol,2023,89(8):2542-2551.
          胃运动功能。这提示在临床实践中,可通过多模式镇痛
                                                             [ 8 ]  中华医学会重症医学分会 . 机械通气临床应用指南:
          方式来减少患者阿片类药物的使用量,从而改善胃运动
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              本研究结果还显示,两组患者的治疗期长度、镇痛
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          达标率和 RASS 评分分布情况比较,差异均无统计学意                             2006[J]. Chin Crit Care Med,2007,19(2):65-72.
          义。这提示两组患者的起效时间和镇痛、镇静效果相当。                          [ 9 ]  陈敏英,胡波,张丽娜,等.重症患者镇痛、镇静与谵妄诊
              综上所述,艾司氯胺酮可在保证镇痛、镇静效果的                              治流程[J/OL].中华重症医学电子杂志(网络版),2019,5
          同时,降低ICU机械通气非手术患者的阿片类药物使用                              (4):353-358[2020-01-09].  https://icu. cma-cmc. com. cn/
          量,改善胃运动功能。但本研究存在一定的局限性:(1)                              CN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2019.04.011. DOI:10.
          本研究不是双盲研究,虽然测量者和研究者是独立的,                                1007/BF01709548.
          但不能完全避免偏倚;(2)本研究纳入的样本量较小,影                              CHEN M Y,HU B,ZHANG L N,et al. Protocolized treat‐
          响危重患者胃运动功能的因素较多,可能存在因样本量                                ment for pain,agitation,and delirium in critically ill pa‐
          不足而导致误差的风险;(3)本研究只监测了胃运动功                               tients[J/OL].  Chin  J  Crit  Care  Intensive  Care  Med  Elec‐
          能指标,未监测肠道运动功能指标和胃肠道屏障功能指                                tron  Ed,2019,5(4):353-358[2020-01-09].  https://icu.
                                                                  cma-cmc.com.cn/CN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2019.
          标,不能反映舒芬太尼联合艾司氯胺酮对危重患者胃肠
                                                                  04.011. DOI:10.1007/BF01709548.
          道功能的整体影响;(4)不同手术患者疼痛强度和胃运动
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          功能差异较大,为避免偏倚,本研究只纳入了ICU机械通                              sedation with dexmedetomidine in critically ill patients[J].
          气非手术患者,因此所得结论不能类推到所有人群。故                                N Engl J Med, 2019,380(26):2506-2517.
          本研究所得结论尚需要大样本、多中心研究进一步证实。                          [11]  O’NEILL A,LIRK P. Multimodal analgesia[J]. Anesthe‐
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          中国药房  2024年第35卷第4期                                                 China Pharmacy  2024 Vol. 35  No. 4    · 471 ·
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