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·药师与药学服务·
临床药师参与1例左氧氟沙星致超敏反应的药学监护及文献分析 Δ
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殷欢莉 ,黄跃洲,罗 敏,张臣宇,秦 舟,唐文言,于 磊(四川大学华西医院临床药学部,成都 610041)
中图分类号 R969.3 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)22-2805-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.22.21
摘 要 目的 分析左氧氟沙星致超敏反应的特点。方法 临床药师参与1例左氧氟沙星致超敏反应患者的治疗过程,同时参考
相关标准判断左氧氟沙星与超敏反应的关联性;检索中国知网、维普网、万方数据、PubMed、Embase,收集左氧氟沙星致超敏反应
的相关文献并进行分析。结果 临床药师针对患者发热、全身皮疹等症状,建议排查其既往用药史和过敏史,同时判断该超敏反应
与左氧氟沙星的关联性为“可能”或“很可能”。临床医师根据临床药师的判断,给予患者对症治疗。该患者经治疗后好转。文献
分析结果显示,纳入的31例患者中,男性23例,女性8例,50岁及以上18例;24例患者的潜伏期为用药后4 d及以内;不良反应主
要为药物超敏反应综合征、固定性药疹、多形性红斑等;多数患者经停药和对症治疗后均好转。结论 超敏反应为左氧氟沙星较罕
见的不良反应,多发生于用药后2.5 h~4 d,以中老年男性患者的发生风险较高。临床使用左氧氟沙星前应详细询问患者的药物
过敏史,当其出现无明显诱因发热、皮疹时,应及时停药并对症处理,保证患者用药安全、有效。
关键词 左氧氟沙星;超敏反应;药学监护;文献分析
Pharmaceutical care for one case of levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction by the participation of
clinical pharmacists and literature analysis
YIN Huanli,HUANG Yuezhou,LUO Min,ZHANG Chenyu,QIN Zhou,TANG Wenyan,YU Lei(Dept. of
Clinical Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction. METHODS Clinical
pharmacists participated in the treatment for a case of levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction, and adjudged the relationship
of levofloxacin with hypersensitivity reaction according to relative standards. Retrieved from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database,
PubMed and Embase, relevant literature about levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction was collected and analyzed.
RESULTS Clinical pharmacists suggested checking the patient’s previous medication and allergy history based on symptoms such
as fever and systemic rash, and determined that the drug hypersensitivity was “likely” or “highly likely” to be associated with
levofloxacin. Clinicians provided symptomatic treatment to the patient based on the judgment of clinical pharmacists, and the
patient improved after treatment. Results of the literature analysis showed that among 31 involved patients, there were 23 males and
8 females; 18 patients aged 50 and above; the incubation period of 24 patients was within 4 days after medication. The main
adverse drug reactions were drug hypersensitivity syndrome, fixed drug eruption, erythema multiforme, etc. Most patients were
improved after withdrawal and symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Hypersensitivity reaction is the rare adverse drug reaction
of levofloxacin, mostly occurring within 2.5 h to 4 days after administration, and it is more likely to occur in middle-aged and
elderly patients. Before clinical use, patients should be asked about their drug allergy history in detail; when patients experience
fever or rash without obvious causes, medication should be stopped promptly and symptomatic treatment should be taken to ensure
the safety and effectiveness of the patients’ medication.
KEYWORDS levofloxacin; hypersensitivity reaction; pharmaceutical care; literature analysis
氟喹诺酮类药物因口服生物利用度高、分布容积 型 ,其潜伏期较长,相关皮肤症状一般于用药后 2~6
[2]
大、抗菌谱广、不良反应发生率低、价格低廉等而被广泛 周出现,且皮疹出现前常伴有瘙痒和发热(体温>
应用于临床。随着该药的普及,其罕见、严重的不良反 38 ℃)。DIHS 早期皮损多为泛发的麻疹样斑疹或斑丘
应逐渐被报道,主要包括癫痫发作、肌腱病、关节病、超 疹、湿疹样或荨麻疹样,少数可出现无菌性脓疱和紫癜
[1]
敏反应等 。药物超敏反应综合征(drug induced hyper- 等,严重者可致剥脱性皮炎、Stevens-Johnson 综合征、中
[3]
sensitivity syndrome,DIHS)为超敏反应中较为常见的类 毒性表皮坏死松解症等 。有研究发现,DIHS常累及患
者淋巴结、血液系统、肝脏和心脏,其发病率不详,致死
Δ 基金项目 四川省干部保健科研课题(No.川干研2021-110) [2]
* 第一作者 药 师 ,硕 士 。 研 究 方 向 :临 床 药 学 。 电 话 :028- 率高达 10% 。本文报道了临床药师参与 1 例左氧氟沙
85422965。E-mail:853239155@qq.com 星致超敏反应患者的治疗过程,并检索相关文献,以探
# 通信作者 副主任药师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学。E-mail: 讨左氧氟沙星致超敏反应的临床特点,旨在为临床安全
huaxiyao@163.com 用药提供参考。
中国药房 2023年第34卷第22期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 22 · 2805 ·