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·综述·
密蒙花的本草考证 Δ
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秦聪聪 ,杜沁圆,展照双 ,王加锋(山东中医药大学中医学院,济南 250355)
中图分类号 R931.71 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2022)19-2423-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.19.24
摘 要 密蒙花入药历史悠久,临床应用广泛,主要用于治疗目赤肿痛、多泪羞明、眼生翳膜等证。其发展至今,存在别名、异名众
多,基原、产地混乱繁杂的现象。基于此,笔者通过查阅相关古今文献,对密蒙花的名称、基原、产地、炮制加工、性味归经、功效及
主治等进行了考证。结果发现,密蒙花最早记载于宋代《开宝本草》,此后历代本草均有收载。宋代至今,密蒙花有“蜜蒙花”“羊耳
朵”“冬不凋”等多种异名;其基原应以2020年版《中国药典》规定的马钱科植物密蒙花Buddleja officinalis Maxim.的干燥花或花蕾
为正品。在古代,密蒙花的主要产地有四川、重庆、云南、贵州等,炮制方法主要有净制、炒制、酒制、蜜制、蜜酒制、甘草制等;现代
密蒙花主产地有山西、陕西、甘肃、四川等,炮制方法以净制、蜜制为主。历代本草对密蒙花性味、归经的认识基本一致,即密蒙花
以味甘、性微寒为主,无毒,归肝经,具有祛风凉血、清肝明目、退翳的功效,主治肝经血热所致的眼部疾患。
关键词 密蒙花;本草考证;基原;产地;炮制;功效
Textual research on the flowers of Buddleja officinalis
QIN Congcong,DU Qinyuan,ZHAN Zhaoshuang,WANG Jiafeng(College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355,China)
ABSTRACT The flowers of Buddleja officinalis has a long history of being used as a medicine and is widely used in clinical
practice,mainly for the treatment of swelling and pain of eye,afraid of seeing strong light,easy to shed tears,pannus. Since its
development,there are many aliases and variant names,and the origins and place of origin are confused and complicated. Based on
this,the author researches the name,origin,place of origin,processing,taste and meridian tropism,efficacy,functions and
indications of B. officinalis flower by consulting ancient and modern literature. The results show that the name of B. officinalis
floweris first recorded in the book KaibaoBencao of the Song Dynasty,including many variant names such as“mimenghua”
“yang’erduo”“dongbudiao”,etc.;the origins of it shall be the dried flowers or buds of B. officinalis Maxim.,which belongs to the
family of Loganiaeeae,stated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). In ancient times,B. officinalis flower is mainly
produced in Sichuan,Chongqing,Yunnan,Guizhou and other places;the processing methods mainly include cleansing,stir-frying,
wine-frying,honey-frying,honey wine-frying,licorice-frying and so on. Nowadays,B. officinalis flower is mainly produced in
Shanxi,Shaanxi,Gansu,Sichuan and other places;the processing methods mainly include cleansing and honey-frying. About its
taste andmeridian tropism,the ancient herbal understanding is more consistent,i.e. taste sweet,flat or slightly cold,non-toxic,
passing through liver meridian channel;the flower of B. officinalis is good at wind-expelling and blood-cooling therapy,clearing
liver and improving vision,eliminating eye screens;it can be used to treat eye diseases caused by heat evil of liver meridian.
KEYWORDS the flower of Buddleja officinalis;textual research;origins;place of origin;processing;efficacy
密蒙花入药历史悠久,临床应用广泛,为清热药中 众多,基原、产地混乱繁杂的现象。故本文通过查阅古
的清热泻火药,具有清热养肝、明目退翳的功效,主要用 今文献,对密蒙花名称、基原、产地、炮制加工、性味归
于治疗目赤肿痛、多泪羞明、眼生翳膜、肝虚目暗、视物 经、功效及主治等进行考证,以期为其正本清源及进一
[1]
昏花等 ,其化学成分复杂,药理作用广泛,是明目蒺藜 步资源开发和利用提供参考。
丸、金花明目丸、除翳明目片、止嗽化痰丸等多种中成药 1 品名考证
的主要原料之一 [2―3] 。密蒙花发展至今,存在别名、异名 “密蒙花”之名最早记载于宋代《开宝本草》:“密蒙
Δ 基金项目 山东省研究生教育优质课程和专业学位研究生教学 花,主青盲肤翳,赤涩多眵泪,消目中赤脉,小儿麸豆及
案例库项目(No.SDYAL20053);山东省研究生教育质量提升计划(No. 疳气攻眼”。历代本草中或称密蒙花为“蜜蒙花”,如元
[4]
SDYKC21047)
代《增广和剂局方用药总论》和明代《医学汇函》均称其
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:温病学理论及温病原著学术 [5―6]
思想。E-mail:2603099242@qq.com 为“蜜蒙花” ,这可能是由于密蒙花的植物花香具有
蜜甜的特征,故以“蜜”代“密”。《本草纲目》载密蒙花有
# 通信作者 副教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:温病学理论及
[7]
温病原著学术思想。E-mail:zzshuang2000@126.com “水锦花”之称,认为密蒙花和水锦花为同一种植物 。
中国药房 2022年第33卷第19期 China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 19 ·2423·