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基于组合赋权法的疫苗供应链流程风险评估 Δ
杨满意 ,牛莉霞(辽宁工程技术大学工商管理学院,辽宁 葫芦岛 125105)
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中图分类号 R954;F272.3 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2022)13-1548-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.13.03
摘 要 目的 识别和评估疫苗供应链运作流程中的风险因素,明确各流程风险在疫苗供应链整体风险中的重要程度,为疫苗供
应链中利益相关方制定风险管控策略提供参考。方法 通过供应链运作参考模型识别疫苗供应链运作过程中存在的风险因素,构
建疫苗供应链风险评价指标体系。运用最优最劣法、熵权法确定指标的主观和客观权重,并利用Lagrange乘子法求解出指标的最
优组合权重。结果与结论 建立了含18个指标的疫苗供应链风险评价指标体系,仅用67%的指标反映了85%的疫苗供应链风险
信息量,该体系的构建具有合理性。生产流程风险组合权重为0.607,在疫苗供应链整体风险中所占权重最高,其余依次为采购
(0.234)、配送(0.102)、计划(0.053)、退货(0.004)流程风险。在对风险进行管控时,企业应高度重视疫苗生产环节的风险因素;同
时,也应重点关注产品用物料不合格、物料混淆使用等其他风险。
关键词 疫苗;供应链;最优最劣法;熵权法;组合赋权法;风险评估
Process risk assessment of vaccine supply chain based on combination weighting method
YANG Manyi,NIU Lixia(School of Business Administration,Liaoning Technical University,Liaoning Huludao
125105,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate the risk factors in the operation process of the vaccine supply chain,clarify
the importance of each process risk in the overall risk of the vaccine supply chain,and provide reference for stakeholders in the
vaccine supply chain to formulate risk management and control strategies. METHODS In the supply chain operation reference
model,the risk factors existing in the operation of vaccine supply chain were identified,and the vaccine supply chain risk
evaluation index system was constructed. The best-worst method and entropy weight method were used to determine the subjective
and objective weight of the index,and the Lagrange multiplier method was used to solve the optimal combination weight value of
the index. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A vaccine supply chain risk evaluation index system with 18 indexes was established.
Only 67% of the indexes reflected 85% of the vaccine supply chain risk information. The construction of the system was
reasonable. The results showed that the risk weight of production process was 0.607,which accounts for the highest weight in the
overall risk of vaccine supply chain,followed by procurement(0.234),distribution(0.102),planning(0.053)and return(0.004)
process risk. When managing and controlling risks,enterprises should attach great importance to the risk factors in vaccine
production;at the same time,enterprises should also focus on other risks such as unqualified materials for products,mixed use of
materials and so on.
KEYWORDS vaccine;supply chain;best-worst method;entropy weight method;combination weighting method;risk assessment
现阶段,全球疫苗需求数量庞大,这不仅给疫苗生 造成疫苗供应不及时、疫苗疗效减弱甚至失效等后果,
产带来了巨大压力,也使冷链运输面临巨大挑战。与其 危及群众的生命安全。因此,对疫苗供应链运作流程中
他供应链相比,疫苗供应链具有质量要求高、时效性强、 的风险因素进行识别和评估,明确各流程风险对疫苗供
损失代价大的特性。相关研究表明,运输是疫苗冷链中 应链整体风险的重要程度,有助于疫苗供应链中的利益
[1]
最薄弱的环节,容易发生疫苗超温等风险 。2016年“山 相关主体分级分层制定风险治理策略,做到重点、精准
东疫苗事件”中,涉案疫苗未经严格冷链运输存储,导致 管控。
疫苗超温,在全国范围内引起了群众的疫苗恐慌情绪。 目前,国内外学者关于疫苗风险评估的研究主要聚
数据显示,“山东疫苗事件”后,家长拒绝让儿童接种疫 焦于2个方面:一是疫苗药品生产或运输环节的风险评
苗的比例高达 50% 。疫苗供应链风险一旦发生,极易 估,常用方法包括失效模式及后果分析(failure mode
[2]
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.52174184,No. and effect analysis)、故障树分析(fault tree analysis)等;
51504126);辽宁省社会科学规划基金资助项目(No.L20BGL030) 二是疫苗供应链风险的评估,常用方法包括以决策实验
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:疫苗供应链风险管理。
室法为基础的网络层次分析法(decision-making-trial
E-mail:2585510677@qq.com
and evaluation-laboratory-based analytic network pro-
# 通信作者 副教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:人因工程、风
险管理等。E-mail:327334231@qq.com cess)、模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process)
·1548 · China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 13 中国药房 2022年第33卷第13期