Page 60 - 《中国药房》2022年8期

艾纳香挥发油萃取工艺优化及成分分析 Δ

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赵 超 ，徐文芬 ，孙庆文，孙开芬，陈 滕（贵州中医药大学药学院，贵阳 550025）
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中图分类号 R917；R284.2 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2022）08-0950-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.08.08

摘 要 目的 优化艾纳香挥发油的超临界二氧化碳（CO2 ）萃取工艺，并比较超临界CO2萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法所得艾纳香挥发
油的成分。方法 采用超临界CO2萃取法提取艾纳香挥发油，以挥发油萃取率为指标，以萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间为因素，在
单因素实验的基础上，采用正交实验优化超临界CO2萃取工艺；采用气相色谱-质谱法鉴定艾纳香挥发油的成分，采用峰面积归一
化法计算各成分的相对含量；以水蒸气蒸馏法所得挥发油为参照，比较两种方法的挥发油萃取率、成分及含量。结果 艾纳香挥发
油最优超临界 CO2萃取工艺为萃取压力 30 MPa、萃取温度 50 ℃、萃取时间 50 min；经 3 次实验验证，得挥发油的平均萃取率为
4.64％（RSD＝0.54％，n＝3）。从超临界CO2萃取法所得艾纳香挥发油中共鉴定出39种成分，如三十三烷、豆甾醇、角鲨烯等，从水
蒸气蒸馏法所得挥发油中共鉴定出51种成分，如正三十烷、喇叭茶萜醇、葎草烯环氧化物等；两种提取方法所得艾纳香挥发油的
萃取率分别为4.64％、0.99％，其中含花椒油素、L-龙脑、β-石竹烯等26种共有成分。除花椒油素（超临界CO2萃取法为34.829％，
水蒸气蒸馏法为30.676％）、叶绿醇（超临界CO2萃取法为2.401％，水蒸气蒸馏法为1.273％）外，超临界CO2萃取法所得挥发油成
分的相对含量均低于水蒸气蒸馏法。结论 所得最优超临界CO2萃取工艺稳定、可行；虽然两种提取方法所得艾纳香挥发油成分与
含量的差异较大，但主要均为醛酮类、烯类、醇类等成分。
关键词 艾纳香；挥发油；超临界CO2萃取法；正交实验；水蒸气蒸馏法；气相色谱-质谱法

Optimization of extraction technology of volatile oil from Blumea balsamifera and analysis on its compositions
ZHAO Chao，XU Wenfen，SUN Qingwen，SUN Kaifen，CHEN Teng（College of Pharmacy，Guizhou University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Guiyang 550025，China）

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction technology of volatile oil from Blumea balsamifera，and
compare the components of the volatile oil from B. balsamifera obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction and steam distillation.
METHODS The volatile oil of B. balsamifera was extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction. Using extraction rate of volatile oil as
index，extraction temperature，extraction pressure and extraction time as factors，based on single-factor experiment，orthogonal
experiment was used to optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction technology. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to
identify the components of volatile oil from B. balsamifera. Peak area normalization was used to calculate the relative contents of
each component. Taking the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation as a reference，the extraction rates，components and contents
of volatile oil by the two methods were compared. RESULTS The optimal supercritical CO2 extraction technology of volatile oil
from B. balsamifera included extraction pressure of 30 MPa，extraction temperature of 50 ℃ and extracting for 50 min. After 3
times of validation tests，average extraction rate of volatile oil was 4.64％（RSD＝0.54％，n＝3）. Thirty-nine components such as
tritriacontane，stigmasterol，squalene were identified in the volatile oil of B. balsamifera obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction；
and 51 components such as triacontane，ledol，humulene epoxide Ⅰ were identified by steam distillation. The extraction rate of
volatile oil from B. balsamifera obtained by 2 methods were 4.64％ and 0.99％. A total of 26 common components were obtained，
such as xanthoxylin，L-borneol，β-caryophyllene. Except for xanthoxyline（34.829％ by supercritical CO2 extraction，30.676％ by
steam distillation method）and phytol（2.401％ by supercritical CO2 extraction，1.273％ by steam distillation），the relative contents
of the components of volatile oil obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction were lower than those of steam distillation.
CONCLUSIONS The optimal supercritical CO2 extraction technology is stable and feasible；the components and contents of
volatile oil obtained by two methods varies greatly，and main compounds are aldehydes and ketones，alkenes，alcohols and other
components.
KEYWORDS Blumea balsamifera；volatile oil；supercritical CO2 extraction；orthogonal experiments；steam distillation；gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry

Δ 基金项目：贵州省科技计划项目（No.黔科合平台人才﹝2019﹞ 艾纳香为贵州苗族特色药材，又名大风艾、牛耳艾，
5658）；贵州省一流学科建设项目（No.GNYL﹝2017﹞008号）
系菊科植物艾纳香Blumea balsamifera（L.）DC.的干燥全
＊硕士研究生。研究方向：中药民族药质量控制与新药研发。
草，收载于 2003 年版《贵州省中药材、民族药材质量标
E-mail：13158064588@163.com
# 通信作者：教授，硕士生导师。研究方向：中药民族药质量控制 准》，具有祛风除湿、温中止泻、活血解毒之功效，可用于
[1]
与新药研发。E-mail：wenfenxu@126.com 治疗风寒感冒、寒湿泻痢、头风痛等症 。同时，艾纳香

·950 · China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 8 中国药房 2022年第33卷第8期