Page 59 - 《中国药房》2021年10期
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ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE:To compare the chemical constituents of petroleum ether fraction from ethanol extract of Aconitum
        sinomontanum before and after processing. METHODS:After A. sinomontanum was purified with water,the raw product decoction
        pieces were prepared;the raw decoction pieces were steamed with licorice juice under high pressure to prepare processed decoction
        pieces of A. sinomontanum. The petroleum ether fractions of raw product and processed product were obtained after ultrasonic
        extraction with 95% ethanol. The chemical constituents in the samples were analyzed by GC-MS. NIST 2014 mass spectrometry
        database was used to compare and match the components. The peak area normalization method was used to determine the relative
        percentage content of each component. RESULTS:Before and after processing,fatty acids and esters were the main components in
        the petroleum ether fraction from ethanol extract. Totally 18 chromatographic peaks were detected in the detection pieces of raw
        product,and 13 compounds were identified,accounting for 94.60% of the total content of volatile components. The components
        with relatively high content were(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid(26.13%),hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester(25.27%),
        palmitoleic acid(10.84%),ethyl linoleic acid(10.67%),(Z,Z)-9,12-octadecenoic acid methyl ester(6.66%),pentadecanoic
        acid(5.11%)and so on. Totally 25 chromatographic peaks were detected in the decoction pieces of processed products,and 18
        components were identified,accounting for 82.40% of the total content of volatile components. The components with relatively
        high content were palmitoleic acid(18.95%),(Z,Z)-9,12-octadecenoic acid methyl ester(17.93%),hexadecanoic acid ethyl
        ester(11.94%),(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid(10.54%),(Z,Z)-9,12-octadecenoic acid(5.51%),(Z)-11-hexadecanoic
        acid(5.30%)and so on. After processing,7 new components were added,5 of which were identified as(-)-eucalyptus globulus
        alcohol,ethyl 2-methyltetrade-canoate,6-methyl-4-phenylcoumarin,β-sitosterol,heptadecane. After processing,no components
        disappeared, and the content of some components increased or decreased. CONCLUSIONS:After processing, the volatile
        components in the petroleum ether fraction from ethanol extract of A. sinomontanum are different,and(-)-eucalyptus globulus
        alcohol and other components are added after processing.
        KEYWORDS     Aconitum sinomontanum; Processing; Ethanol extract; Petroleum extraction fraction; GC-MS; Chemical
        constituents


            高乌头为毛莨科乌头属植物高乌头 Aconitum sino-                 GC-MS 联用仪及配备的 Mass-hunter 质谱工作站、NITS
        montanum Nakai 的根,又称麻布七、麻布袋、统天袋、麻                  2014 标准谱图库(美国 Agilent 公司),LDZX-30FA 型立
        布口袋等,在《中华本草》《中药大辞典》等本草典籍中均                         式压力蒸汽灭菌器(上海申安医疗器械厂),BT125D 型
        有记载   [1-2] 。该药材现被收载于《甘肃省中药材标准》,                   十万分之一分析天平[赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公
        其辛、苦、温,有毒,具祛风除湿、理气止痛、活血散瘀之                         司],KQ3200DB 型超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限
                                                   [3]
        功,可用于治疗风湿痹痛、关节肿痛、跌打损伤等症 。                          公司),FW-400A型高建万能粉碎机(北京科伟永兴仪器
            高乌头含有生物碱类、黄酮类、甾体类、糖苷类等化                        有限公司),HHS-11S型数显恒温水浴锅(上海宜昌仪器
        学成分,具有镇痛、局部麻醉、抗心律失常、抗炎和抗肿                          纱筛厂),SHB-3 型循环水多用真空泵(郑州杜甫仪器
        瘤等多种生物活性        [4-6] 。目前,国内外学者对高乌头二               厂)、Buchi R-200型旋转蒸发仪(瑞士Buchi公司)等。
        萜类生物碱的研究较为广泛,主要为单体化合物的提                            1.2  药品与试剂
        取、分离、衍生化修饰等方面            [7-8] 。高乌头生品有毒,多              正己烷、丙酮、石油醚(60~90 ℃)均为色谱纯,其余
        部文献均有记载       [1-3] 。本课题组前期对其炮制工艺进行                试剂均为分析纯,水为超纯水。
                                               [9]
        了研究,结果发现,通过炮制可以减弱其毒性 ;进一步                              高乌头药材共7批(编号S1~S7),采挖自甘肃天祝
        对其毒性部位进行研究后发现,除氯仿部位毒性较大                            藏族自治县朱岔峡(采集时间为 2016 年 3-8 月);甘草
        外,极性最小的石油醚部位也具有一定毒性,且该部位                           饮片(批号 1712201)购自泰来堂药店;上述药材经甘肃
                         [10]
        成分多具有挥发性 。中医理论指出,“辛可行气、发                           中医药大学附属医院杨锡仓主任中药师鉴定,分别为毛
                                                [11]
        散”,表明辛味药的物质基础多为挥发性成分 。基于                           茛科乌头属植物高乌头 A. sinomontanum Nakai 的干燥
        此,本研究采用气质联用技术(GC-MS)对高乌头炮制前                        根、豆科甘草属植物甘草 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.的
        后乙醇提取物石油醚萃取部位所含挥发性成分进行分                            干燥根及根茎。
        析,旨在为进一步研究其炮制前后毒性变化机理以及辛                           2 方法与结果
        味药物质基础提供依据。                                        2.1 样品制备
        1 材料                                               2.1.1  高乌头生品、炮制品饮片             取 7 批高乌头药材,
        1.1  主要仪器                                          用水净制润软后,切成长约为5 mm的小段,室内常温自
            本研究所用主要仪器有 Agilent 7890B/5977A 型               然晾干,将各批药材充分混合均匀,即得高乌头生品饮


        中国药房    2021年第32卷第10期                                            China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 10  ·1205 ·
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