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·药师与药学服务·

        基于格林模式对甘肃省居民家庭自我药疗行为的调查研究                                                                 Δ


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        王 芳 ,刘惠娟 ,王红娟 ,罗 斌 ,王少华 (1.甘肃医学院药学系,甘肃 平凉 744000;2.兰州大学公共卫生
                        1
        学院,兰州 730000;3.兰州大学药学院,兰州 730000)
        中图分类号 R195.1;R95         文献标志码 A           文章编号     1001-0408(2020)11-1377-05
        DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.11.16

        摘  要   目的:促进非处方药物(OTC)在居民家庭中的合理使用,并为卫生行政部门相关政策的制订提供依据。方法:采用分层
        整群抽样方法,以甘肃省4个市常住居民为调查对象,于2019年1月左右采用入户调查的方式面对面发放问卷,收集受访居民基
        本情况、居民家庭自我药疗行为情况。运用格林模式分析受访居民自我药疗行为的影响因素[倾向因素(包括对OTC的认知水平
        和对自我药疗的态度)、促成因素和强化因素,以比值比(OR)研究因素与结果的相关性]。采用Epi Data 3.10软件建立数据库,以
        SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析。结果:共发放问卷3 600份,回收有效问卷3 111份,有效回收率为86.4%。81.8%(2 541/3 106)的
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        受访者近1年有自我用药行为;二元Logistic回归与χ 检验结果显示,女性、起居不规律、未患慢病、家庭月收入低、购买了新型农村
        合作医疗和城镇居民医保的居民更倾向于自我药疗。倾向因素中,知晓OTC可不凭医师处方在药房购买(OR=1.322)、药品外包
        装有OTC标识(OR=1.397)、从OTC外包装的标识上不可判断其安全性(OR=0.789)、认为中草药亦有毒副作用(OR=1.750)的
        居民自我药疗可能性更大;很少清理家庭药箱的居民(OR=0.462)、药品速效高效(OR=0.670)与不良反应(OR=0.688)是自我药
        疗发生的阻止因素,而药品价格便宜(OR=5.298)是自我药疗行为发生的倾向因素。促成因素中,家中常备药物居民的自我药疗
        发生率是没有储备的2.997倍,自我药疗方便(OR=1.376)、药店离家近(OR=1.680)、药品质量可信(OR=1.355)对自我药疗行为
        的发生有促成作用。强化因素中,亲戚朋友建议(OR=3.388)、书籍报刊或电视网络广告(OR=2.043)等对自我药疗行为发生有
        加强作用。以上因素对居民自我药疗行为的影响均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:甘肃省居民家庭自我药疗行为普遍,认知水平越
        高的居民越倾向于自我药疗,药品价格越低越可能发生自我药疗行为;家中常备药物、药店离家近、药品质量可信等是自我药疗行
        为发生的促成因素;亲戚朋友建议、网络广告等是自我药疗行为发生的强化因素。
        关键词 格林模式;甘肃省;居民;非处方药物;自我药疗;影响因素

        Investigation Study on Family Self-medication Behavior of Residents in Gansu Province Based on
        PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
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        WANG Fang ,LIU Huijuan ,WANG Hongjuan ,LUO Bin ,WANG Shaohua (1.Dept. of Pharmacy,Gansu
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        Medical College,Gansu Pingliang 744000,China;2.School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou
        730000,China;3.School of Pharmacy,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)
        ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE:To promote rational use of OTC in the family,and to provide reference for the formulation of related
        policy by health administration department. METHODS:By stratified cluster sampling method,using residents of 4 cities from
        Gansu province as objects,face-to-face questionnaire household survey was conducted in Jan. 2019. The general information of the
        residents and their family self-medication behaviors were collected,and the influential factors [tendency factors (including
        cognition of OTC and attitude towards self-medication),contributing factors and strengthening factors,and odds ratio(OR)was
        used to study the correlation between factors and results] of self-medication behaviors were analyzed by PRECEDE-PROCEED
        model. Epi Data 3.10 software was used to establish database,and SPSS 16.0 software was adopted to analyze the family
        self-medication behavior of residents statistically. RESULTS:A total of 3 600 questionnaires were sent out,and 3 111 valid
        questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 86.4%. 81.8%(2 541/3 106)of the respondents had self-
        medication behavior in the past 1 year. The results of binary Logistic regression and χ test showed that female residents,irregular
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        daily life, no chronic disease,low monthly family income,new rural cooperative medical care and urban residents’medical
        insurance were more inclined to self-medication. In the tendency factors,residents who knew that OTC could be purchased in the
                                                           pharmacy without the doctor’s prescription (OR=1.322),
            Δ 基 金 项 目 :国 家 自 然 科 学 基 金 资 助 项 目(No.41405108,
                                                           drug package with OTC logo (OR=1.397) and the Chinese
        No.21472077)
                                                           herbal medicine also had toxic side effects(OR=1.750),the
           *讲师,硕士。研究方向:药物新制剂、新剂型、新技术。E-mail:
        410843130@qq.com                                   possibility of self-medication was greater;the residents who
           # 通信作者:教授,博士。研究方向:药物活性分子的设计与合                   seldom cleaned the family medicine box(OR=0.462),quick
        成。E-mail:wangshh@lzu.edu.cn                        and effective drugs (OR=0.670) and ADR (OR=0.688)


        中国药房    2020年第31卷第11期                                             China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 11  ·1377  ·
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