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ABSTRACT     OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for scientific decision-making of evaluation and application of clinical
        comprehensive value of drugs from the perspective of the public decision-making in China. METHODS:Based on relevant
        documents and literatures,drug clinical comprehensive value in other countries and areas,the core indicators of drug clinical
        comprehensive value evaluation in China were confirmed. The concept and evaluation methods of each indicator were evaluated,
        and relevant suggestions were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:It’s suggested that the core indicators of China’s drug
        clinical comprehensive value evaluation are safety and efficacy,economy and affordability,accessibility and fairness adherence,
        suitability. The concepts of safety,efficacy,economy,affordability and adherence indexes are clearly defined,evaluation methods
        are systematic,data sources are sufficient,and international consensus exists in research design. There is no uniform definition of
        accessibility which composed of availability,deliverability,availability,affordability and timeliness. The concept of equity is
        clearly defined and the evaluation method is systematic,but the data source is insufficient. Appropriateness is evaluated by drug
        suitability index but there is no clear definition. Taking efficacy as an example,efficacy includes intermediate indicators,outcome
        indicators and quality of life indicators,which are often confirmed by epidemiological research,systematic evaluation and expert
        consensus. It’s suggested that the Real World Study data should be used as much as possible when selecting or formulating the
        clinical comprehensive value indicators of drugs. With the help of multi-criteria decision-making analysis,technical support should
        be provided by professional evaluation institutions,and with the support of experts and researchers,the above indicators should be
        empowered to form the clinical comprehensive value judgment of a drug by different public decision-making departments,so as to
        decide whether to purchase,use clinically,or incorporate medical insurance reimbursement.
        KEYWORDS     Perspective of the public decision-making; Drug clinical comprehensive value; Measurement;Assessment;
        Decision-making


            我国药品价值评价工作开始于2005年前后,以基于                        经济学角度对“价值”进行定义:“总价值”是一个人愿意
        价值的药品定价研究、药物的临床价值、上市后药品价                            为获得经济利益或接受某种干预措施而付出的代价。
        值研究为主 。2018 年,国家卫生健康委员会药政司出                        “净价值”是从中减去为获得这项“总价值”而产生的机
                   [1]
                                              [2]
        台《国家药品临床综合评价总体工作方案》(以下简称                            会成本,即价值是消费者为了避免失去服务或商品而意
                                                                        [6]
        《方案》),明确提出“建立以基本药物为重点的临床综合                          愿支付的代价 。
        评价体系”。2019年4月,国家卫生健康委员会发布《国                             2019 年,胡善联 提出:“‘价值’是指在医疗卫生服
                                                                              [7]
        家卫生健康委关于开展药品使用监测和临床综合评价                             务过程中投入的成本与获得的健康结果的比值。对患
        工作的通知》 ,提出:“要以药品临床价值为导向,推动                          者而言,短期治疗费用的投入可以立即看到治疗的效
                    [3]
        有关证据用于国家基本药物目录、鼓励仿制药品目录、                            果,如症状改善、病情好转、痊愈、生活质量改善抑或死
        鼓励研发申报儿童药品清单的遴选和动态调整,提高合                            亡。有的疾病或健康可能需要全生命周期的投入”。
                                                                            [8]
        理用药水平”。然而在公共资金支付能力有限的情况                                 Neumann PJ等 提到,面对不断抬升的药品价格,转
        下,对于国家卫生健康委员会、国家医疗保障局、省市级                           向基于价值的以药品为代表的治疗方案的评估框架是一
        卫生行政部门、各级医疗卫生机构等公共决策部门如何                            项积极的举措。价值评价可以激励企业开发和生产更多
        界定、测量药品临床综合价值以及根据评价结果进行决                            人们想要的能够改善健康的产品。目前 70%的药品临床
        策,仍是一个需要综合不同利益相关方意见的过程。因                            价值框架源自欧洲和美国,并集中在以肿瘤为代表的治
        此,笔者在本文中系统梳理药品临床综合价值的评价指                            疗领域   [9-10] 。国际机构的药品临床综合价值指标见表1。
        标、测量与评价方法,为我国公共决策视野下评估及应                               《国家卫生健康委关于开展药品使用监测和临床综
        用药品临床综合价值进行科学决策提供依据。                                合评价工作的通知》中提到药品临床价值评价需要考虑
        1 概念界定                                              安全性、有效性、经济性等指标 。《“健康中国2030”规划
                                                                                      [3]
                                                                                         [11]
                                   [4]
           “价值”是一个复杂的概念 ,随卫生经济学家对其                          纲要》中的“共建共享,全民健康” 提示,临床综合价值
        认知的不断提升而发生演变。卫生经济学家在微观经                             的评价中需要关注药品的可及性、公平性和适宜性。结
        济学的基础上将“价值”定义为个人(或代表个人行使权                           合国际公认指标及我国政策要求,笔者建议临床综合价
        利的支付方)为了获得卫生服务或健康产品,愿意付出                            值评价核心指标为安全性与有效性、经济性与可支付
        的代价(Willingness-to-pay) 。                           性、可及性与公平性、依从性、适宜性。
                                [5]
            2018 年,国际药物经济学与结果研究组织(Interna-                  2 评价指标与方法
        tional Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Re-  2.1 安全性与有效性
        search,ISPOR)的特别工作组(Special task force,STF)从            安全性(Safety)和有效性(Efficacy)是选择某种药


        ·540  ·  China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 5                                   中国药房    2020年第31卷第5期
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