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3.33,6.67 mg/kg),with 16 rats in each group. Rats in sham operation group and Nimodipine group were given medicine
intragastrically,while rats in model group and BV plastics groups were given medicine by transdermal smearing. After 5 days of
continuous administration,the experimental cerebral thrombosis model was established by ligating the right external carotid artery
and pterygomandibular artery,and injecting compound thrombus inducer into the internal carotid artery. The wet mass ratio of right
brain to left brain was measured to investigate the degree of brain edema on the infarcted side. The content of Evans blue(EB)in
the left and right hemispheres of rats was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry to investigate the cerebral vascular
permeability. Blood rheology and coagulation function indicators of rats were measured. The pathological changes of brain tissue in
rats were observed by HE staining,and the number of survival neuron cells was counted. RESULTS:Compared with the indexes
of sham operation group,the cerebral thrombosis model was established successfully. Compared with model group,the area of blue
staining in the right brain(infarcted side)of rats in BV plastics groups was significantly reduced,and the right brain/left brain wet
mass ratio and the content of EB in the right brain tissue were significantly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The whole blood
viscosity and Casson viscosity of rats in BV plastics groups,and the plasma viscosity of rats in BV plastics medium-dose and
high-dose groups decreased significantly(P<0.01). PT and APTT of rats were prolonged significantly in BV plastics medium-dose
group (P<0.01). The pathological changes of brain tissue in rats in BV plastics groups were significantly alleviated. The
arrangement of neuron cells was more orderly,the shape and structure of cells were clear,the nucleolus was clear,the membrane
was intact,and the number of survival neuron cells was significantly increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:BV plastics can
alleviate brain edema,inhibit cerebral vascular permeability,improve hemorheology and coagulation function indicators of rats
after the formation of cerebral thrombosis,and alleviate nerve cell injury after ischemia.
KEYWORDS Bee vonom;Plastics;Cerebral thrombosis;Cerabral edema;Permeability;Hemorheology;Coagulation function
血栓性疾病是由血管内形成血栓和血栓栓塞引起 副教授提供,涂膜剂空白基质以卡波姆为主要原料 ),
[10]
血液流动异常所导致的疾病,其发病率居各种疾病之 批号:20160517,载药量:5%];盐酸肾上腺素注射液(上
[1]
首,严重危害着人类健康 。血栓性疾病常伴有血液黏 海禾丰制药有限公司,批号:10140701,规格:1 mL ∶ 1
度增高、血小板聚集活性增高、凝血时间缩短等现象 。 mg);尼莫地平片(拜耳医药保健有限公司,批号:
[2]
蜂毒(Bee venom,BV)是由蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)尾部蛰 BJ29770,规格:30 mg);5′-二磷酸腺苷(5′-ADP,批号:
针排出的一种透明的天然毒素,有多项研究表明,BV具 1001918049)、凝血酶(批号:1001799554)、伊文思蓝
[5]
[4]
有抗炎 、抗凝血 、抗血栓 的作用,还可用于治疗中枢 (EB,批号:E2129)均购自美国Sigma公司;水合氯醛(深
[3]
[6]
神经系统相关疾病 。蜜蜂 BV 已上市的剂型主要为注 圳市丽晶生化科技有限公司,批号:20150325);丙酮(汕
射液,但其过敏和溶血现象严重 。基于此,本课题组前 头市达濠精细化学品有限公司,批号:20080617);实验
[7]
期研制出BV涂膜剂,并通过经皮给药研究发现,该涂膜 用水为自制超纯水。
剂无过敏反应,且具有一定的抗血栓作用 [8-9] 。因此,本 1.3 动物
研究通过颈内动脉注入诱导剂建立大鼠脑血栓模型,用 健康雄性SD大鼠,SPF级,体质量为250~300 g,购
以评估BV涂膜剂对大鼠脑组织损伤的保护作用以及对 于湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司,动物合格证号:
大鼠血液流变学和凝血功能的改善作用,旨在为将该涂 SCXK(湘)2016-0002。大鼠在室温 25 ℃、湿度 40%~
膜剂开发为脑卒中治疗药提供实验依据。 70%、光照 12 h 明暗交替的条件下喂养,自由取食饮水
1 材料 (专用标准饲料、纯净水)。本实验全过程对动物的处置
1.1 仪器 方法符合相关动物伦理学要求。
TC-30K型电子天平(江苏常熟电子仪器厂);AE240 2 方法
型精密电子分析天平[梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公 2.1 分组、给药与造模
司];TL-16R型台式高速冷冻离心机(上海市离心机械研 取大鼠96只,随机分为假手术组(生理盐水)、模型组
究所有限公司);T96 型紫外分光光度计(北京普析通用 (涂膜剂空白基质)、尼莫地平组(阳性药物,4.00 mg/kg)
仪器有限责任公司);SA-7000型全自动血液流变测试仪 和BV涂膜剂低、中、高剂量组(1.67、3.33、6.67 mg/kg) ,
[11]
(北京赛科希德科技发展有限公司);CA-620 型全自动 每组 16 只。给药剂量根据前期预实验结果确定。尼莫
凝血分析仪(上海希森美康医用电子有限公司);AE21 地平组大鼠灌胃尼莫地平溶液(生理盐水配制),假手术
型 MOTIC 倒置显微镜(日本 Speed Fair 公司);VOR72- 组大鼠灌胃等体积生理盐水,给药体积均为 0.1 mL/kg;
X-5 型涡旋机(海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司); 模型组和BV涂膜剂各剂量组大鼠参照文献[12]方法,在
[13]
KL-UP-UV-20KNSY1059 型艾柯超纯水机(成都康宁实 动物太阳穴处(即大鼠目外眦与耳之间连线近1/3处 )
验专用纯水设备厂)。 涂抹给药。
1.2 药品与试剂 各组大鼠均连续5 d预防用药,每天1次。于末次给
BV涂膜剂[实验室自制(原料药由大理大学张成桂 药后1 h,参考文献[14-15]方法,分离大鼠右侧颈总动脉
中国药房 2019年第30卷第2期 China Pharmacy 2019 Vol. 30 No. 2 ·183 ·