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麻黄-杏仁药对对呼吸中枢的平喘作用及机制
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          田佳玉 ,杨添翼,谢金根,陈林林,饶 倩,肖 雄,侯永春,李文宏(江西中医药大学药学院,南昌 330004)
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                *
          中图分类号  R965;R974;R285      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2026)07-0870-07
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.07.08

          摘   要  目的  初步探讨麻黄-杏仁药对对呼吸中枢的平喘作用及机制。方法  雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、地塞米松组
         (阳性对照)以及麻黄-杏仁2∶1、1∶1、1∶2组。各组大鼠灌胃不同配比药对水煎液[均为18 g(生药)/kg]/地塞米松混悬液(0.5 mg/kg)/
          等体积生理盐水,每日灌胃2次,连续7 d。于末次给药40 min后,取含药脑脊液测定大鼠入脑有效成分的含量;于末次给药1.5 h
          后,通过脑立体定位仪定位孤束核,用10 μL微量进样器以恒速1 μL/min将磷酸组胺注入孤束核区域(体积1 μL)模拟大鼠呼吸中
          枢兴奋状态,空白组注射生理盐水。检测延髓部脑组织中神经递质[神经生长因子(NGF)、P物质(SP)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)、5-羟
          色胺(5-HT)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)]的含量;检测延髓部脑组织中神经激肽1受体(NK-1R)、p38 促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)、c-
          fos mRNA表达,以及孤束核区域NK-1R、p38 MAPK、c-fos蛋白表达。结果  麻黄-杏仁药对入脑的主要有效成分为麻黄碱、伪麻
          黄碱、甲基麻黄碱。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠NGF、SP、NA、5-HT、Ach含量,以及NK-1R、p38 MAPK、c-fos mRNA和蛋白的相对
          表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,麻黄-杏仁药对不同配比组均能显著降低各神经递质含量,以及 NK-1R、p38
          MAPK、c-fos mRNA和蛋白的相对表达水平(P<0.01),其中以质量比2∶1与1∶1配比的药对效果相对较好。结论  麻黄生物碱类
          为麻黄-杏仁药对影响呼吸中枢功能的主要有效成分;麻黄占比较大的配比组效应较强;麻黄-杏仁药对可通过下调孤束核NK-1R/
          MAPK/c-fos通路表达,减少NGF、SP等神经递质异常释放,降低呼吸中枢兴奋性。
          关键词  麻黄-杏仁药对;平喘;呼吸中枢;脑立体定位;孤束核;NK-1R/MAPK/c-fos通路

          Antiasthmatic  effect  and  mechanism  of  Ephedrae  Herba-Armeniacae  Semen  Amarum  herb  pair  on  the
          respiratory center

          TIAN Jiayu,YANG Tianyi,XIE Jingen,CHEN Linlin,RAO Qian,XIAO Xiong,HOU Yongchun,LI Wenhong
         (School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China)

          ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE  To  preliminarily  investigate  the  antiasthmatic  effect  and  mechanism  of  Ephedrae  Herba-Armeniacae
          Semen  Amarum  herb  pair  on  the  respiratory  center.  METHODS  Male  SD  rats  were  randomly  divided  into  blank  group,  model
          group, dexamethasone group (positive control), and Ephedrae Herba-Armeniacae Semen Amarum 2∶1, 1∶1 and 1∶2 groups. Rats
          in each group were administered different ratios of the herb pair decoction [all at 18 g (crude drug)/kg], dexamethasone suspension
         (0.5  mg/kg),  or  normal  saline  intragastrically  twice  daily  for  seven  consecutive  days.  Forty  minutes  after  the  last  administration,
          medicated  cerebrospinal  fluid  was  collected  to  determine  the  content  of  effective  components  entering  the  brain.  One  and  a  half
          hours  after  the  last  administration,  the  nucleus  tractus  solitarius (NTS)  was  located  using  a  stereotaxic  apparatus.  Histamine
          phosphate (1 μL) was injected into the NTS region at a constant rate of 1 μL/min using a 10 μL microsyringe to induce excitation
          of  the  respiratory  center  in  rats;  the  blank  group  was  injected  with  normal  saline. The  contents  of  neurotransmitters  [nerve  growth
          factor (NGF),  substance  P (SP),  norepinephrine (NA),  5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)  and  acetylcholine (Ach)]  in  the  medulla
          oblongata  brain  tissue  were  detected.  The  mRNA  expressions  of  neurokinin-1  receptor (NK-1R),  p38  mitogen-activated  protein
          kinase (MAPK), and c-fos in the medulla oblongata, as well as the protein expressions of NK-1R, p38 MAPK, and c-fos in the
          NTS  region,  were  determined.  RESULTS  The  main  active  components  of  Ephedrae  Herba-Armeniacae  Semen Amarum  herb  pair
          entering the brain were ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and methylephedrine. Compared with blank group, the contents of NGF, SP,
          NA,  5-HT  and Ach,  and  the  relative  expression  levels  of  NK-1R,  p38  MAPK,  and  c-fos  mRNA  and  protein  were  significantly
                                                              increased  in  the  model  group  (P<0.01).  Compared  with
              Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目(No.82360856)                  model  group,  Ephedrae  Herba-Armeniacae  Semen  Amarum
             * 第一作者 硕 士 研 究 生 。 研 究 方 向 :中 药 药 理 。 E-mail:
                                                              herb  pair  groups  with  different  ratios  significantly  reduced  the
          3203536116@qq.com
                                                              neurotransmitter  contents  and  the  relative  expression  levels  of
              # 通信作者 教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:中药药理。
          E-mail:20010037@jxutcm.edu.cn                       NK-1R,  p38  MAPK,  and  c-fos  mRNA  and  protein (P<


          · 870 ·    China Pharmacy  2026 Vol. 37  No. 7                               中国药房  2026年第37卷第7期
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