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2.4.2 阿那白滞素的感染风险                                         sociated  with  macrophage  activation  syndrome[J].  Clin
              基于纳入文献可知,阿那白滞素作为一种生物制                                Exp Dermatol,2022,47(11):1991-1994.
          剂,其感染风险相对较低,包括肺结核 1 例、带状疱疹 3                        [ 7 ]  DEWANE M E,WALDMAN R,LU J. Dermatomyositis:
          例、严重感染2例(表1)。关于AOSD/sJIA合并MAS的                           clinical features and pathogenesis[J]. J Am Acad Derma‐
          疗效和安全性的系统评价显示,与IL-1拮抗剂相比,IL-6                            tol,2020,82(2):267-281.
          拮抗剂治疗期间患者更易发生感染性不良事件(严重和                            [ 8 ]  FITZGERALD  A  A,LECLERCQ  S  A,YAN  A,et  al.
          非严重),更易合并 MAS,提示 IL-1 拮抗剂具有较低的                           Rapid  responses  to  anakinra  in  patients  with  refractory
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          感染风险,并可减少 MAS 的发生;同时,IL-1 拮抗剂感                          (6):1794-1803.
          染性不良事件的发生率为1.4%~6.6%,阿那白滞素治疗                        [ 9 ]  KALLIOLIAS G D,GEORGIOU P E,ANTONOPOULOS
          后的感染一般为轻至中度,最常见的是呼吸道感染 。                                 I A,et al. Anakinra treatment in patients with adult-onset
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          研究未报道感染的具体情况,尚不清楚肺结核、乙型肝                                 experience from an uncontrolled trial[J]. Ann Rheum Dis,
          炎、带状疱疹等生物制剂常见的机会性感染的发生风                                  2007,66(6):842-843.
          险。因此,本研究借鉴了阿那白滞素治疗其他疾病的相                            [10]  KÖTTER I,WACKER A,KOCH S,et al. Anakinra in pa‐
          关证据,但在其他病种中并未见乙型肝炎、带状疱疹等                                 tients with treatment-resistant adult-onset Still’s disease:
          感染的报道,而结核感染的发生率通常比较低,目前仅                                 four case reports with serial cytokine measurements and a
          有少数报道提示阿那白滞素可能增加结核感染风                                    review of the literature[J]. Semin Arthritis Rheum,2007,
          险 [42―43] 。鉴于 IL-1 拮抗剂存在潜在的结核风险,我国                       37(3):189-197.
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          感染筛查及预防性抗结核治疗(弱推荐) 。本例患者                                 tients  with  systemic-onset  juvenile  idiopathic  arthritis  or
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          用药前已完成结核、乙型肝炎等多种病原体筛查,用药
                                                                   [J]. Ann Rheum Dis,2008,67(3):302-308.
          期间定期复查感染指标,随访未见感染迹象。
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              综上,阿那白滞素是治疗AOSD的高效且安全的生                              tor  antagonist  anakinra  provides  long-lasting  efficacy  in
          物制剂,可快速诱导并维持病情缓解。对于 AOSD 患                               the  treatment  of  refractory  adult-onset  Still’s  disease[J].
          者,临床可考虑选用 IL-1 拮抗剂以减少糖皮质激素依                              Ann Rheum Dis,2010,69(2):466-467.
          赖,同时应加强长期用药监测。                                      [13]  LASKARI K,TZIOUFAS A G,MOUTSOPOULOS H M.
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          · 2446 ·    China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 19                            中国药房  2025年第36卷第19期
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