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开心散改善阿尔茨海默病神经炎症的机制预测与验证
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徐丹丹 ,曾永长 ,梁少瑜 ,刘 琦 ,吴俊洪 ,何 康 (1.贵州中医药大学药学院,贵阳 550025;2.广州医科
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大学附属中医医院制剂科,广州 510140;3.深圳市第二人民医院老年医学研究所,广东 深圳 518035)
中图分类号 R965 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)12-1476-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.12.10
摘 要 目的 预测并验证开心散(简称“KXS”)改善阿尔茨海默病(AD)神经炎症的潜在机制。方法 采用网络药理学方法,挖掘
KXS用于AD的核心抗炎成分及核心炎症靶点,进行基因本体(GO)功能、京都基因和基因组数据库(KEGG)通路富集分析,并进
行分子对接。基于网络药理学结果,以雄性SD大鼠为对象,以D-半乳糖慢性诱导建立AD模型,考察KXS对AD大鼠体征量化评
分、学习记忆能力指标(逃避潜伏期、穿越平台次数、平台象限路程及时间)、脏器(心脏、肝脏、脾脏、胸腺)指数、海马组织病理改变
以及炎症相关通路及上下游蛋白表达的影响。结果 KXS用于AD的核心抗炎成分包括五味子酯乙、人参炔三醇、五味子酯甲、en‐
hydrin、vulgarin、人参环氧炔醇,核心炎症靶点包括核因子 κB 亚基 1、核因子 κB p65(NF-κB p65)、白细胞介素 1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、
Toll 受体 4(TLR4)、肿瘤坏死因子、核苷酸结合结构域富含亮氨酸重复序列和含热蛋白结构域受体 3(NLRP3)、胱天蛋白酶 1
(CASP1);GO、KEGG富集结果涉及炎症反应、磷酸化途径及NF-κB炎症通路;核心抗炎成分与核心炎症靶点之间具有较强的结
合能力。动物实验显示,与模型组比较,KXS组大鼠海马组织CA1、CA3、DG区神经元皱缩、尼氏体减少等病理改变均有改善,脏
器指数(肝脏指数除外)、尼氏染色阳性细胞数均显著升高或增多,学习记忆能力指标均显著改善,体征量化评分(实验第8、12周)
和NF-κB p65、磷酸化NF-κB p65、TLR4、NLRP3、CASP1、IL-1β 蛋白的表达均显著降低或下调。结论 KXS能有效改善AD大鼠
神经炎症,减轻海马神经元损伤,提高学习记忆能力;上述作用可能与抑制NF-κB信号通路及其上下游相关蛋白的表达有关。
关键词 开心散;阿尔茨海默病;神经炎症;网络药理学;分子对接;NF-κB信号通路
Mechanism prediction and validation of Kaixinsan in ameliorating neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s
disease
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XU Dandan ,ZENG Yongchang ,LIANG Shaoyu ,LIU Qi ,WU Junhong ,HE Kang(1. School of Pharmacy,
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Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China;2. Preparation Department, the
Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140,
China;3. Geriatric Medicine Institute, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Guangdong Shenzhen 518035,
China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To predict and validate the potential mechanisms of Kaixinsan (KXS) in ameliorating
neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). METHODS Network pharmacology was employed to identify core anti-
inflammatory components and key inflammatory targets of KXS for AD. Gene ontology (GO) functional annotation, Kyoto
Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and molecular docking were performed. Based on these
findings, male SD rats were used to establish an AD model via chronic D-galactose induction. The effects of KXS on AD rats were
evaluated, including quantitative behavioral score, learning and memory parameters (escape latency, platform crossings, platform
quadrant distance and time), organ indexes (heart, liver, spleen, thymus), histopathological alterations in the hippocampus, and
expressions of inflammation-related pathway proteins and their upstream/downstream regulators. RESULTS Core anti-inflammatory
components of KXS for AD included gomisin B, panaxytriol, gomisin A, enhydrin, vulgarin and panaxydol, while key
inflammatory targets involved nuclear factor-kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), interleukin-1β (IL-
1β), IL-6, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor, nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-
containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1 (CASP1). GO and KEGG pathway enrichment involved inflammatory response,
phosphorylation and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities between core components
and key targets. Animal experiments demonstrated that, compared to the model group, KXS significantly alleviated
histopathological damage (e. g., neuronal shrinkage, reduced
Δ 基金项目 广东省自然科学基金项目(No.2021A1515010978,
Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG regions),
No.2021A1515012474);深圳市科技创新委员会基础研究项目(No.
increased organ indexes (except for liver index) and Nissl-
JCYJ20210324121610029)
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:中药药效物质基础及中药新 stained positive cells, improved learning and memory
制剂研发。E-mail:2109650462@qq.com performance, and reduced behavioral scores (at the 8 and 12
# 通信作者 教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:中药与民族药药 weeks of the experiment) and protein expression of NF- κB
效物质基础。E-mail:hekang0851@163.com p65, phosphorylated NF- κB p65, TLR4, NLRP3, CASP1
· 1476 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 12 中国药房 2025年第36卷第12期