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开心散改善阿尔茨海默病神经炎症的机制预测与验证
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          徐丹丹 ,曾永长 ,梁少瑜 ,刘 琦 ,吴俊洪 ,何 康 (1.贵州中医药大学药学院,贵阳 550025;2.广州医科
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          大学附属中医医院制剂科,广州 510140;3.深圳市第二人民医院老年医学研究所,广东 深圳 518035)
          中图分类号  R965      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2025)12-1476-07
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.12.10
          摘   要  目的  预测并验证开心散(简称“KXS”)改善阿尔茨海默病(AD)神经炎症的潜在机制。方法  采用网络药理学方法,挖掘
          KXS用于AD的核心抗炎成分及核心炎症靶点,进行基因本体(GO)功能、京都基因和基因组数据库(KEGG)通路富集分析,并进
          行分子对接。基于网络药理学结果,以雄性SD大鼠为对象,以D-半乳糖慢性诱导建立AD模型,考察KXS对AD大鼠体征量化评
          分、学习记忆能力指标(逃避潜伏期、穿越平台次数、平台象限路程及时间)、脏器(心脏、肝脏、脾脏、胸腺)指数、海马组织病理改变
          以及炎症相关通路及上下游蛋白表达的影响。结果  KXS用于AD的核心抗炎成分包括五味子酯乙、人参炔三醇、五味子酯甲、en‐
          hydrin、vulgarin、人参环氧炔醇,核心炎症靶点包括核因子 κB 亚基 1、核因子 κB p65(NF-κB p65)、白细胞介素 1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、
          Toll 受体 4(TLR4)、肿瘤坏死因子、核苷酸结合结构域富含亮氨酸重复序列和含热蛋白结构域受体 3(NLRP3)、胱天蛋白酶 1
         (CASP1);GO、KEGG富集结果涉及炎症反应、磷酸化途径及NF-κB炎症通路;核心抗炎成分与核心炎症靶点之间具有较强的结
          合能力。动物实验显示,与模型组比较,KXS组大鼠海马组织CA1、CA3、DG区神经元皱缩、尼氏体减少等病理改变均有改善,脏
          器指数(肝脏指数除外)、尼氏染色阳性细胞数均显著升高或增多,学习记忆能力指标均显著改善,体征量化评分(实验第8、12周)
          和NF-κB p65、磷酸化NF-κB p65、TLR4、NLRP3、CASP1、IL-1β 蛋白的表达均显著降低或下调。结论  KXS能有效改善AD大鼠
          神经炎症,减轻海马神经元损伤,提高学习记忆能力;上述作用可能与抑制NF-κB信号通路及其上下游相关蛋白的表达有关。
          关键词  开心散;阿尔茨海默病;神经炎症;网络药理学;分子对接;NF-κB信号通路

          Mechanism  prediction  and  validation  of  Kaixinsan  in  ameliorating  neuroinflammation  in  Alzheimer’s
          disease
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          XU Dandan ,ZENG Yongchang ,LIANG Shaoyu ,LIU Qi ,WU Junhong ,HE Kang(1.  School  of  Pharmacy,
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          Guizhou  University  of  Traditional  Chinese  Medicine,  Guiyang  550025,  China;2.  Preparation  Department,  the
          Affiliated  Hospital  of  Traditional  Chinese  Medicine,  Guangzhou  Medical  University,  Guangzhou  510140,
          China;3.  Geriatric  Medicine  Institute,  Shenzhen  Second  People’s  Hospital,  Guangdong  Shenzhen  518035,
          China)
          ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE  To  predict  and  validate  the  potential  mechanisms  of  Kaixinsan  (KXS)  in  ameliorating
          neuroinflammation  in  Alzheimer’s  disease (AD).  METHODS  Network  pharmacology  was  employed  to  identify  core  anti-
          inflammatory  components  and  key  inflammatory  targets  of  KXS  for  AD.  Gene  ontology (GO)  functional  annotation,  Kyoto
          Encyclopedia  of  Genes  and  Genomes (KEGG)  pathway  enrichment,  and  molecular  docking  were  performed.  Based  on  these
          findings, male SD rats were used to establish an AD model via chronic D-galactose induction. The effects of KXS on AD rats were
          evaluated,  including  quantitative  behavioral  score,  learning  and  memory  parameters (escape  latency,  platform  crossings,  platform
          quadrant  distance  and  time),  organ  indexes (heart,  liver,  spleen,  thymus),  histopathological  alterations  in  the  hippocampus,  and
          expressions  of  inflammation-related  pathway  proteins  and  their  upstream/downstream  regulators.  RESULTS  Core  anti-inflammatory
          components  of  KXS  for  AD  included  gomisin  B,  panaxytriol,  gomisin  A,  enhydrin,  vulgarin  and  panaxydol,  while  key
          inflammatory targets involved nuclear factor-kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), interleukin-1β (IL-
          1β),  IL-6,  Toll-like  receptor  4 (TLR4),  tumor  necrosis  factor,  nucleotide-binding  domain  leucine-rich  repeat  and  pyrin  domain-
          containing  receptor  3 (NLRP3)  and  caspase-1 (CASP1).  GO  and  KEGG  pathway  enrichment  involved  inflammatory  response,
          phosphorylation and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities between core components
          and  key  targets.  Animal  experiments  demonstrated  that,  compared  to  the  model  group,  KXS  significantly  alleviated
                                                              histopathological  damage (e. g.,  neuronal  shrinkage,  reduced
              Δ 基金项目 广东省自然科学基金项目(No.2021A1515010978,
                                                              Nissl  bodies  in  hippocampal  CA1,  CA3,  and  DG  regions),
          No.2021A1515012474);深圳市科技创新委员会基础研究项目(No.
                                                              increased  organ  indexes (except  for  liver  index)  and  Nissl-
          JCYJ20210324121610029)
             *第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:中药药效物质基础及中药新                    stained  positive  cells,  improved  learning  and  memory
          制剂研发。E-mail:2109650462@qq.com                       performance,  and  reduced  behavioral  scores (at  the  8  and  12
              # 通信作者 教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:中药与民族药药                 weeks  of  the  experiment)  and  protein  expression  of  NF- κB
          效物质基础。E-mail:hekang0851@163.com                     p65,  phosphorylated  NF- κB  p65,  TLR4,  NLRP3,  CASP1


          · 1476 ·    China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 12                            中国药房  2025年第36卷第12期
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