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经典名方异功散的历史沿革及临床应用考证
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陈 娜 ,郭景仙 ,褚燕琦 ,贡磊磊 ,姜新海 ,胡 晓 ,张 兰 (1. 首都医科大学宣武医院药学部,北京
100053;2.首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院药学部,北京 100026)
中图分类号 R289 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)01-0119-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.01.21
摘 要 异功散出自宋代钱乙的《小儿药证直诀》,收录于 2022 年国家中医药管理局发布的《古代经典名方目录(第二批儿科部
分)》。本文通过系统梳理古籍文献和现代文献,对异功散的方剂历史源流、组成、剂量、炮制、煎服法和主治功效等进行考证分析。
结果可得,异功散由人参、茯苓、白术、陈皮、甘草5味药组成,其中茯苓需去皮,白术采用土炒法,甘草采用蜜炙法,人参和陈皮用
生品;根据古今剂量折算,异功散煎服时须将各药材研为细末,各称取1.6 g,加水300 mL、生姜5片、枣2个,共同煎煮至210 mL,
饭前温服。异功散在古籍中记载的主治病证为呕吐泄泻、脾胃虚冷、胸脘痞闷、不思饮食等,在现代广泛应用于免疫系统、呼吸系
统、血液系统等,涉及小儿厌食症、哮喘、贫血、肿瘤等多种疾病。
关键词 经典名方;异功散;文献考证;功效
Historical evolution and clinical application of classical prescription Yigongsan
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CHEN Na ,GUO Jingxian ,CHU Yanqi ,GONG Leilei ,JIANG Xinhai ,HU Xiao ,ZHANG Lan(1. Dept. of
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Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China;2. Dept. of Pharmacy,
Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China)
ABSTRACT Yigongsan, derived from QIAN Yi’s Key to Therapeutics of Children’ s Diseases in the Song Dynasty, is a classic
pediatric prescription that is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions (the Second Batch of Pediatrics) released by
the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2022. This paper verifies and analyzes the historical origin,
composition, dosage, processing, decoction method and efficacy of Yigongsan by systematically combing ancient books and
modern documents. As a result, Yigongsan is composed of five herbs: Panax ginseng, Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala,
Citrus reticulata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis, of which P. cocos should be peeled, A. macrocephala is fried with soil, G. uralensis is
roasted with honey while P. ginseng and C. reticulata are raw products. According to the dosage of ancient and modern times, each
medicinal herb must be ground into fine powder, 1.6 g for each, added with 300 mL of water, 5 pieces of Zingiber officinale, and
2 Ziziphus jujuba, decocted together to 210 mL, and taken before meals. In ancient books, Yigongsan is used to treat vomiting,
diarrhea, spleen and stomach deficiency, chest and abdominal distension, and lack of appetite, etc. Modern research showed that
Yigongsan could also be used in the diseases of immune system, respiratory system, blood system, etc., involving infantile
anorexia, asthma, anemia, tumors and so on.
KEYWORDS classical prescription; Yigongsan; literature research; efficacy
2018 年以来,国家中医药管理局、国家药品监督管 则》,彰显了国家对于古代经典名方的肯定及对经典名
理局陆续联合发布了《古代经典名方目录(第一批)》《古 方文献考证工作的重视。以上关于经典名方目录的颁
代经典名方关键信息表(7首方剂)》《古代经典名方关键 布引起了中医药行业的关注,越来越多的研究者致力于
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信息表(25首方剂)》《古代经典名方目录(第二批儿科部 经典名方的文献考证研究,如辛夷散 、固阴煎 和清燥
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分)》,同时还发布了《古代经典名方关键信息考证原 救肺汤 等,为经典名方的进一步开发工作提供了参考。
异功散为2022年国家中医药管理局发布的《古代经
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目(No.82274611);北京市医院
管理中心“登峰”人才培养计划项目(No.DFL20190803) 典名方目录(第二批儿科部分)》中的名方之一,来源于
*第一作者 主管药师,博士。研究方向:中药药理学。E-mail:
宋代钱乙所撰写的中国首部儿科学著作《小儿药证直
CHENNaaa@126.com
诀》,由人参、茯苓、白术、陈皮和甘草5味药材组成,主要
# 通信作者 研究员,主任药师,博士生导师。研究方向:中药新药
研发及药理学。E-mail:xwzhanglan@126.com 功效为温中和气,主治吐泻、不思乳食,用于治疗脾虚气
中国药房 2024年第35卷第1期 China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 1 · 119 ·