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奥马珠单抗治疗儿童过敏性疾病的安全性分析
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曾 娜 ,李 捷,孙华君(上海市儿童医院/上海交通大学医学院附属儿童医院药学部,上海 200062)
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中图分类号 R985;R969.3 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)24-3042-04
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.24.15
摘 要 目的 分析奥马珠单抗治疗儿童过敏性疾病的安全性。方法 收集2019年2月-2023年7月于我院接受奥马珠单抗治疗
的过敏性疾病患儿的临床资料,包括患儿的基本情况、过敏原检测结果、血清总免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平、奥马珠单抗应用情况和
不良事件发生情况;同时针对治疗结束的患儿收集停药后第12个月的电话随访信息;采用Naranjo评估量表评价不良事件与奥马
珠单抗的因果关系。结果 共纳入30例患儿,接受奥马珠单抗皮下注射治疗245次,累计注射473针次。有4例患儿发生了4例次
速发型超敏反应(Ⅰ、Ⅱ度各2例次),发生率为13.3%;其中,2例为首次注射后,1例为第3次注射后,1例为第5次注射后;因果关
系评价结果显示,2例为“很可能”,2例为“可能”。21例结束治疗的患儿随访结果显示,患儿身体状况良好,未发生恶性肿瘤、蠕虫
感染、血清病样反应、动脉血栓栓塞等不良反应。结论 奥马珠单抗用于儿童过敏性疾病的不良反应发生率较低,多为速发型超敏
反应,且以轻度为主,长期用药的安全性较好。
关键词 奥马珠单抗;儿童;过敏性疾病;不良反应
Safety of omalizumab in the treatment of children with allergic diseases
ZENG Na,LI Jie,SUN Huajun(Dept. of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the safety of omalizumab in the treatment of allergic diseases in children. METHODS
Clinical data of children with allergic diseases who were prescribed omalizumab therapy were collected from our hospital during
February 2019 to July 2023, including the children’s basic conditions, allergen test results, serum levels of total immunoglobulin E
(IgE), omalizumab application and the occurrence of adverse events. The information on telephone follow-up was collected among
the children who had completed treatment 12th month after drug withdrawal. At the same time, the causal relationship between
adverse events and omalizumab was also evaluated by using the Naranjo assessment scale. RESULTS A total of 30 children were
enrolled and received subcutaneous injections of omalizumab 245 times, accumulating 473 times. Four children suffered from four
times of immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions (degree Ⅰ and Ⅱ every two times), with an incidence of 13.3%; among them,
two cases occurred after the first injection, one after the third injection, and one after the fifth injection; the results of the causality
evaluation showed that two cases were “very likely” and two cases were “likely”. The telephone follow-up of 21 children showed
that the children were in good health and there were no adverse events, such as malignant tumors, worm infections, serum disease-
like reactions and arterial thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS Omalizumab in children with allergic diseases is of good safety with
a low incidence of adverse reactions, which are mainly mild immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions with a high long-term safety
profile.
KEYWORDS omalizumab; children; allergic diseases; adverse reaction
近年来,随着环境、气候及生活方式等的变化,过敏 免疫球蛋白 E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)介导的Ⅰ型
性疾病的全球发病率呈上升趋势,影响着全球约40%的 过敏反应在过敏性疾病的发病过程中发挥着关键性的
人群,已成为目前重点防治的疾病之一 。2016年,我国 作用。奥马珠单抗是人源性抗 IgE 单克隆抗体,可通过
[1]
有40.9%的0~24月龄婴幼儿正在或既往出现过过敏症 靶向结合血液循环中的游离IgE来下调效应细胞表面的
[2]
状,其过敏性疾病的总患病率为 12.3% 。过敏性哮喘、 IgE高亲和力受体,从而阻断IgE介导的过敏性炎症级联
[3]
变应性鼻炎、特应性皮炎、慢性荨麻疹及食物过敏等过 反应 。该药于2003年被美国FDA批准用于治疗IgE介
导的儿童(≥6 岁)和成人中、重度持续性过敏性哮喘,
敏性疾病严重影响了儿童的生活质量,甚至危及其生
2014年被批准用于治疗>12岁人群慢性荨麻疹,2020年
命,给其家庭和社会带来了沉重的精神和经济负担。
被批准用于治疗成人鼻息肉。奥马珠单抗于 2018 年在
Δ 基金项目 上海市“医苑新星”青年医学人才培养资助计划(No. 我国获批上市,用于治疗≥6岁儿童的中、重度哮喘。尽
沪卫计人事〔2019〕72号) 管有临床研究证实了奥马珠单抗用于儿童过敏性疾病的
*第一作者 副主任药师,硕士。研究方向:儿科临床药学与临床
有效性和安全性 [4―5] ,但由于该药在我国上市时间较短,
试验管理。E-mail:zengna1985126@163.com
# 通信作者 主任药师。研究方向:药事管理、临床药学。E-mail: 加之其获批适应证有限且临床应用经验不足,因此该药
sunhj1@shchildren.com.cn 的安全性受到临床的广泛关注。此外,2007年美国FDA
· 3042 · China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 24 中国药房 2023年第34卷第24期