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·医药热点·
医疗机构细胞毒性药物职业暴露风险防控指南
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邹林珂 ,闫峻峰 ,刘 慧 ,吕子彦(1.四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院/电子科技大学附属医院药学部个
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体化药物治疗四川省重点实验室,成都 610072;2.电子科技大学医学院,成都 610072)
中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)13-1537-10
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.13.01
摘 要 为医疗机构提供细胞毒性药物职业暴露风险防控策略,提高医务人员的防护意识,降低医务人员发生潜在的职业暴露风
险,制定《医疗机构细胞毒性药物职业暴露风险防控指南》。依据《世界卫生组织指南制定手册》方法,收集细胞毒性药物从配送到
医院开始到其进入医院后在运输、接收、储存、脱包、调剂、成品使用、废物处理各个环节存在的暴露风险问题,采用德尔菲法构建
临床问题,采用循证研究方法形成相关证据体后,按照推荐分级的评价、制定与评估(GRADE)方法进行质量评价,并再次通过专
家共识法对推荐意见及证据级别达成共识。将工程控制、行政控制和个人防护设备3个不同等级管控相结合,通过分级管控的方
式,最终确定了37个临床问题,共形成36条推荐意见,旨在为医疗机构制定细胞毒性药物分级防控措施提供参考与补充。
关键词 细胞毒性药物;职业暴露;风险防控;指南;医疗机构
Guideline for the prevention and control of occupational exposure risks to cytotoxic drugs in medical
institutions
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ZOU Linke ,YAN Junfeng ,LIU Hui ,LYU Ziyan(1. Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan
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Provincial,Dept. of Pharmacy,Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital/
Affiliated Hospital of UESTC,Chengdu 610072,China;2. School of Medicine,University of Electronic Science
and Technology of China,Chengdu 610072,China)
ABSTRACT To provide prevention and control strategies of occupational exposure risks to cytotoxic drug in medical institutions,
improve the awareness of protection among medical staff,and reduce potential occupational exposure risks,the Guidelines for the
Prevention and Control of Occupational Exposure Risk to Cytotoxic Drugs in Medical Institutions is developed. Based on the World
Health Organization Guidelines Development Manual,the exposure risk issues of the cytotoxic drug collected from the time that it
entered the hospital to the several stages after delivery to hospital,such as transportation,receipt,storage,unpacking,dispensing,use
of finished products,and waste disposal. Delphi method is used to construct identification of clinical issues,and evidence-based
research method is used to develop relevant evidence. Quality evaluation is conducted by using the recommended GRADE method.
The consensus is reached on the recommendation opinions and evidence levels through expert consensus method. By combining
engineering controls,administrative controls and personal protective equipment at different levels,a graded control approach is
established. A total of 37 clinical issues are identified,resulting in 36 recommendations. This guideline provides reference and
supplementation for the formulation of cytotoxic drug prevention and control measures in medical institutions.
KEYWORDS cytotoxic drug; occupational exposure; risk prevention and control; guideline; medical institutions
细胞毒性药物(cytotoxic drug)用于肿瘤的治疗始于 风险增加 [4―7] 。并且,在实际应用过程中,即使严格遵守
20 世纪 40 年代,目前仍是肿瘤治疗的基石药物。但其 细胞毒性药物的配制流程及要求,仍然有可能存在一定
[1]
选择性差,对正常组织细胞会产生损害 ,可引起局部刺 的表面污染 [8―11] 。为减少医务人员的暴露风险,全球许
激性、脱发、皮肤损害、生殖毒性等 [2―3] 。细胞毒性药物 多医院引进了智能配药机器人来系统配制细胞毒性药
还可能会污染工作区域环境,从而导致医护人员的暴露 物 。但目前我国多数医疗机构仍采用的是层流式生物安
[12]
Δ 基金项目 国家重点研发计划主动健康和老龄化科技应对重点 全柜进行人工调配,并且对于一些未建立静脉药物调配
专项(No.2020YFC2005500);2021年度个体化药物治疗四川省重点实 中 心(pharmacy intravenous admixture services,PIVAS)
验室开放和自拟课题资助项目(No.2021YB10) 或未配备生物安全柜的医疗机构,甚至是由护士在治疗
*第一作者 药师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学、医院药学。电话:
室直接配制,医务人员的暴露风险较大。
028-87394760。E-mail:zlk1028@qq.com
细胞毒性药物的职业暴露风险防护是临床的重点
# 通信作者 主任药师。研究方向:临床药学、医院药学、药事管
理。电话:028-87393436。E-mail:289302309@qq.com 关注问题。世界上许多国家或地区均颁布了相应的指
中国药房 2023年第34卷第13期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 13 · 1537 ·