Page 7 - 中国药房2023年10期
P. 7
·药事管理·
WHO和典型国家基本药物目录的框架结构设计对我国的启示 Δ
#
*
丁瑞琳 ,颜建周,邵 蓉(中国药科大学药品监管科学研究院/国家药品监督管理局药品监管创新与评价重点
实验室,南京 211198)
中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)10-1153-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.10.01
摘 要 目的 梳理国内外基本药物目录框架常见的呈现形式和构成要素,以期为我国基本药物目录框架优化提供参考。方法
对比 WHO 和中国、南非、印度、马来西亚等典型国家的最新版基本药物目录,分析其目录框架呈现形式和构成要素的共性与差
异。结果与结论 WHO和典型国家常见的目录呈现形式包括分册、分类和符号注释,不同形式的管理思路、发挥作用和实施难度
有所不同;常见的框架构成要素包括目标人群、医疗机构级别、药品使用条件、核心与补充目录、采购优先等级。对比发现,我国基
药目录所涵盖的信息较为单薄,框架设计尚未充分发挥出基药目录指导临床合理用药和优化医疗卫生资源配置的理想作用,仍有
一定的完善空间。建议我国明确目录不同呈现形式的特点和作用,基于国情和发展需求合理设定目录框架;在目录中补充药品临
床使用、经济性、政策属性等多维度的药品信息,保障基本药物合理使用;在基药目录框架中增加“医疗机构级别”要素,细化基本
药物配备使用的管理要求,优化医疗卫生资源配置。
关键词 WHO;基本药物目录;结构;合理用药;卫生资源配置;国际经验
Framework design of WHO and typical national essential medicine lists and its implications for China
DING Ruilin,YAN Jianzhou,SHAO Rong(Institute of Regulatory Science, China Pharmaceutical University/
NMPA Key Laboratory for Drug Regulatory Innovation and Evaluation, Nanjing 211198, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To sort out the common presentation forms and components of the framework of domestic and
foreign essential medicine lists (EMLs), in order to provide reference for optimizing the framework of the Chinese EML.
METHODS The latest edition of the EMLs of WHO, China, South Africa, India, Malaysia and other typical countries were
compared, and the similarities and differences of the presentation form and constituent elements of the list framework were
analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The common presentation forms of WHO and typical countries’ EMLs included version,
classifications and symbols, of which management ideas, functions, and implementation difficulties varied; common framework
elements included target population, hospital levels, drug use conditions, core and supplementary lists and procurement priority.
Through comparison, it was found that the information covered by the Chinese EML was relatively thin, and the framework design
had not yet fully played the ideal role in guiding clinical rational drug use and optimizing the allocation of health resources, and
there was still some room for improvement. It is recommended that China clarify the characteristics and roles of different
presentation forms of the EML, and reasonably set the EML framework based on national conditions and development needs; the
multi-dimensional drug information should be supplemented, such as clinical use, economy, and policy attributes of drugs in the
EML, to ensure the rational use of essential drugs; it is also necessary to add “the level of hospitals” in the framework of the
EML, refine the management requirements for the allocation and use of essential medicine, and optimize the resource allocation of
hospitals.
KEYWORDS WHO; essential medicine list; structure; rational use of drug; health resource allocation; international experience
[1]
自WHO于1977年发布第1版《WHO基本药物示范 药物目录(以下简称“基药目录”),影响超过 50 亿人 。
目录》以来,全球已有超过155个国家颁布了其国家基本 经过约 45 年的发展,WHO 及部分国家的基药目录不断
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.72274217);江苏省 修订、优化,不仅纳入了更丰富的药品品种,还形成了更
研究生科研与实践创新计划(No.KYCX22_0835) 加完善且各具特色的目录结构,对引导医疗机构合理配
*第一作者 博士研究生。研究方向:医药政策与法规。电话: 备、使用基本药物发挥了重要作用。WHO自第1版示范
025-86185193。E-mail:dingrl375@163.com
目录开始,就始终强调各国的基药目录需为医师和患者
# 通信作者 教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:医药政策与法
规。电话:025-86185193。E-mail:shaorong118@163.com 提供充分的合理用药信息,包括化学与药学、药理学、临
中国药房 2023年第34卷第10期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 10 · 1153 ·