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·药事管理·
可获得性视角下韩国孤儿药供应保障体系研究及启示
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杨伊凡 ,谢金平,翁婷婷,闫丽羽,邵 蓉(中国药科大学国家药物政策与医药产业经济研究中心,南京
211198)
中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)09-1025-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.09.01
摘 要 目的 系统介绍韩国孤儿药的供应保障体系,为提高我国孤儿药可获得性提供参考。方法 通过研究韩国孤儿药上市激
励机制、储备供应机制和紧急使用机制,总结韩国孤儿药供应保障体系的基本特点和实践经验。并基于对我国孤儿药供应保障现
状及现存问题的研究,提出提升我国孤儿药可获得性的具体建议。结果与结论 韩国通过孤儿药认定渠道和配套激励政策,依托
储备供应机制和紧急使用的进口途径,有效提高了孤儿药的可获得性。因此,建议我国从完善孤儿药认定和激励政策、增设孤儿
药专职管理部门、优化临时进口途径3个方面,保障孤儿药的正常供应。
关键词 孤儿药;罕见病;可获得性;供应保障;韩国
Research on the supply guarantee system of orphan drugs in South Korea from the perspective of
accessibility and its enlightenment
YANG Yifan,XIE Jinping,WENG Tingting,YAN Liyu,SHAO Rong(Research Center of National Drug Policy
& Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To systematically introduce the supply guarantee system of orphan drugs in South Korea, and to
provide reference for improving the accessibility of orphan drugs in China. METHODS The basic characteristics and practical
experience of supply guarantee system of orphan drugs in South Korea were summarized by studying the marketing incentive
mechanism, reserve supply mechanism and emergency use mechanism. Then, based on the research on the current situation and
existing problems of orphan drug supply in China, specific suggestions were put forward to improve the accessibility of orphan
drugs in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS South Korea has effectively improved the accessibility of orphan drugs through
orphan drug identification channels and supporting incentive policies, relying on the reserve supply mechanism and the import route
for emergency use. Therefore, it is suggested that China should guarantee the normal supply of orphan drugs from three aspects:
improving the recognition and incentive policy of orphan drugs, building a full-time management department of orphan drugs, and
optimizing the temporary import path.
KEYWORDS orphan drugs; rare diseases; accessibility; supply guarantee; South Korea
[2]
罕见病是指发病率较低、较为罕见的疾病,也称为 极性不高,部分境外新药存在上市迟滞问题 。(2)孤儿
[1]
“孤儿病”。罕见病用药指用于诊断、治疗罕见病的药 药企业供应意愿不足。孤儿药市场容量小、需求不稳
物,也被称为“罕用药”或“孤儿药”。正是由于罕见病的 定,企业难以收回生产利润,易出现供应中断的状况。
特殊性,孤儿药的可获得性、可支付性和合理用药问题 (3)罕见病患者个性化的用药需求难以满足。罕见病种
类繁多,患者的用药需求也呈现出多样化、个性化的特
等多种因素影响着罕见病患者的用药可获得性。目前,
点,常需要通过紧急进口途径作为补充来满足特殊情况
孤儿药可获得性仍然面临诸多挑战:(1)孤儿药研发、仿
下的用药需求。可见,用药可获得性已成为制约孤儿药
制的动力不足。由于孤儿药研发的投资回报率难以估
发展的一大因素。
计,且临床受试者招募困难,医药企业的研发和仿制积
随着社会各界对罕见病的关注,保障孤儿药可获得
Δ 基金项目 国家社会科学基金重大项目(No.15ZDB167) 性已成为我国部署罕见病防治工作的重要方向。其中,
*第一作者 博士研究生。研究方向:医药政策与法规。E-mail: 可获得性与药品供应系统的效率息息相关,直接关乎患
m18052039521@163.com
者的基本用药需求 。韩国作为较早关注孤儿药供应保
[3]
# 通信作者 教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:医药政策与法
规。E-mail:shaorong118@163.com 障问题的国家,通过宽松的上市激励政策和完善的储备
中国药房 2023年第34卷第9期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 9 · 1025 ·