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·药事管理·

        拓展性临床试验制度的国际现状及对我国的启示                                                      Δ


        姚峥嵘 ,阮未艾,王艳翚,张 彧(南京中医药大学卫生经济管理学院,南京 210023)
              *

        中图分类号 R95          文献标志码 A           文章编号 1001-0408(2021)14-1665-06
        DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.14.01
        摘  要   目的:为完善我国拓展性临床试验制度建设提供参考。方法:从制度建立、适用范围与原则、申请审批情况等3个方面介
        绍国际拓展性临床试验制度的实施经验,进一步分析我国拓展性临床试验制度的沿革及面临的挑战,并提出相关建议。结果与结
        论:美国、英国、澳大利亚以及欧盟等国家/地区拓展性临床试验制度的发展已较为成熟。而当前我国尚未正式出台拓展性临床试
        验制度的具体政策,在实施中也面临诸多挑战,如用药风险等带来的伦理问题,发起申请的阻力与收益间难以平衡而产生的发起
        者困境,以及风险评估责任方未明、审批时间紧急等导致的审查难点较多等。建议我国可通过完善现有法律法规,加强信息公开
        与风险预案工作,明确制度运行过程中的责任划分等措施予以应对;同时可借鉴国际现有模式,搭建我国拓展性临床试验管理体
        系,针对“单个患者紧急情况”“单个患者非紧急情况”和“两人以上群组患者”等不同申请类型设置相应的申请路径并发动各方力
        量合力监管,以促进拓展性临床试验制度的完善和落实。
        关键词 拓展性临床试验;同情用药;现状;挑战;启示

        International Status of the Extended Clinical Trial System and Its Enlightenment to China
        YAO Zhengrong,RUAN Weiai,WANG Yanhui,ZHANG Yu(School of Health Economics and Management,
        Nanjing University of Chinese Medcine,Nanjing 210023,China)

        ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving extended clinical trial system in China. METHODS:The
        implementation experience of the international extended clinical trial system was introduced from three aspects: system
        development,application scope and principles,application and approval;the evolution and challenges of the system in China were
        further analyzed,and relative suggestions were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The development of international
        extended clinical trial system in the United States,the United Kingdom,Australia and the European Union had been relatively
        mature. The specific system had not formally been established in China,and the implementation of the system faced many
        challenges,such as the ethical problems caused by drug use risk,the sponsor dilemma caused by the difficult balance between the
        resistance of initiating application and the benefits,the difficulty of review caused by the unknown responsible party of risk
        assessment and the urgent time of approval. It can be dealt with by the following measures:improving the existing laws and
        regulations,strengthen information disclosure and risk prevention work,make clear the division of responsibilities in the process of
        system operation. Meanwhile,based on the existing international model,the management system of the expanded clinical trials in
        China is established. Corresponding application paths are set up for different application types such as“single patient emergency”,
       “single patient non emergency”and“two or more patients group”,and all parties should be mobilized to supervise so as to
        promote the improvement and implementation of the extended clinical trial system.
        KEYWORDS    Extended clinical trial;Compassionate use;Status;Challenge;Enlightenment


            2020年初,美国医务人员将仍处于临床试验阶段的                           作为一种特殊的用药途径,各国广泛开展的拓展性
        核苷类抗病毒药物瑞德西韦(remdesivir)用于治疗新型                     临床试验制度给许多“无药可用”的患者带来了希望,在
        冠状病毒肺炎。这一举措将拓展性临床试验制度带入                            艾滋病、癌症、罕见病、其他严重或危及生命的疾病的治
                                                                              [1]
        了大众的视野 。美国对拓展性临床试验制度的最新定                           疗中发挥了积极作用 。我国相关制度建设起步较晚。
                    [1]
        义是“患有立即威胁生命的疾病或严重疾病的患者在没                           2017年,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅虽印发了《关于
        有其他替代疗法时,获取研究性药物以进行临床试验之                           深化审评审批制度改革鼓励药品医疗器械创新的意见》
        外治疗的措施”。                                           (以下简称为“《意见》”),首次提出了支持拓展性临床试
                     [2]
                                                                          [3]
                                                           验的原则性要求 ,但未出台具体的操作细则。基于此,
           Δ 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(No.16YJA-
                                                           笔者梳理了国外拓展性临床试验制度的发展现状,分析
        820022)
                                                           了我国相关制度的沿革及挑战,以期为我国健全拓展性
           *教授,博士。研究方向:药事管理与医药法规。电话:025-
        85811689。E-mail:yaozhengrong@njucm.edu.cn          临床试验制度提供参考。

        中国药房    2021年第32卷第14期                                            China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 14  ·1665 ·
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