Page 44 - 《中国药房》2020年第24期
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ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE:To compare the protective effects model mice between the aboveground and underground parts of
        Astragalus membranaceus on immunosuppression, and to provide reference for further utilization and development of A.
        membranaceus. METHODS:A total of 240 ICR mice were divided into 4 batches,60 mice in each batch,with half male and half
        female. Each batch of mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,A. membranaceus aboveground part and
        undergroud part low-dose and high-dose groups(3,6 g/kg,by crude drug)according to body weight and sex,with 10 mice in
        each group. Blank group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically. A. Membranaceus groups were given
        corresponding concentration of drug intragastrically,10 mL/kg,once a day,for consecutive 30 days. Except for blank group,
        other groups were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide 40 mg/(kg·d) for consecutive 3 days,since 24th day of
        treatment, to establish immunosuppression model. The levels of serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA), inflammation
        factors [nitric oxide,interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α] and half hemolysis value were detected in each group.
        Body weight,thymus index,spleen index,phagocytic index,activity of natural killer(NK)cell,splenic lymphocyte proliferation
        ability,dinitrofluorobenzene-induced delayed metamorphosis reaction in mice(by weight difference between left and right ears)
        and the number of hemolytic plaque were determined. RESULTS: Compared with blank group, the serum levels of
        immunoglobulin,body weight,thymus index,spleen index,phagocytic index,NK cell activity,the proliferation ability of splenic
        lymphocyte,the number of hemdytic plaque and half hemolysis value were decreased significantly in model group(P<0.05),
        while inflammation factor level as well as weight difference between left and right ears were increased significantly(P<0.05).
        Compared with model group,above indexes of mice in A. membranaceus groups were improved significantly,in dose-dependent
        manner(P<0.05). Compared with A. membranaceus undergroud part group,above indexes of A. membranaceus aboveground part
        group were improved significantly(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Aboveground and underground part of A. membranaceus both have
        pretective effect on immunosuppression model mice,and the effect of aboveground part of A. membranaceus is stronger than
        underground part of A. membranaceus.
        KEYWORDS Astragalus membranaceus;Aboveground part;Underground part;Immunity;Pharmacodynamics


            黄芪是豆科植物蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus              古黄芪 A. membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge. var. Mongholicus
        (Fisch.)Bge. var. Mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao 或膜荚黄芪     (Bge.)Hsiao的干燥全草,地上部分(株高80 cm,羽状复
        Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.的干燥根,富含多         叶、叶片长8 cm,无花)和地下部分各2 kg。注射用环磷
                                                  [1]
        糖类、皂苷类、生物碱类和黄酮类等多种化合物 ,具有                           酰胺(江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司,批号:18061214,规
        补气升阳、固表止汗和利水消肿等功效                 [2-3] 。现代药理研      格:0.2 g/瓶);胎牛血清(澳洲 Cellmax 公司);DMEM 培
        究表明,黄芪具有明显的免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等药                           养基、刀豆蛋白试剂、Hank’s 液、RPMI 1640 培养基、青
                                       [4]
        理活性,临床应用广泛,需求量较大 。相关研究显示,                           霉素-链霉素双抗、姬姆萨染液(北京普博欣生物科技有
        黄芪地上部分与地下部分的营养成分相似,均含有多糖                            限责任公司);一氧化氮(NO)、白细胞介素 2(IL-2)、
                                         [5]
        类、皂苷类、生物碱类和黄酮类化合物 ,并且地上部分                           IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和血清免疫球蛋白 G
        中黄酮类、皂苷类和多糖类成分的含量均高于地下部                            (IgG)、IgM、IgA 酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒(南
        分 [6-8] ,这提示黄芪地上部分也可能具有与地下部分相似                      京建成生物工程研究所,批号:20180102、20180402、
        的药理活性,具有一定的开发利用价值。鉴于此,本研                            20180502、20180503、20180310、20180305、20180301);
        究以黄芪为考察对象,比较其地上、地下部分增强免疫                            RIPA 裂解液(上海雅酶生物科技有限公司);SA 缓冲液
        力的药效学差异,以期为黄芪药用植物的全面开发利用                           (上海联硕生物科技有限公司);2%绵羊红细胞悬液(北
        提供参考。                                               京博尔西科技有限公司,批号:180601);琼脂培养基(北
        1 材料                                                京伊塔生物科技有限公司,批号:180403);L(+)-乳酸
        1.1 仪器                                             (百奥莱博科技有限公司,批号:18001);豚鼠血清(北京
            AU5800 全 自 动 生 化 仪(美 国 Beckman 公 司);            伊塔生物科技有限公司,批号:20180401);都氏试剂(焦
        BB150 型 CO2 培养箱(美国 Thermo Fisher Scientific 公       作路非凡生物科技有限公司,批号:18024);其余试剂均
        司);Infinite M200PRO 型全自动酶标仪(瑞士 Tecan 公              为分析纯,水为自制蒸馏水。
        司);BSA224S 型万分之一分析天平(德国 Sartorius 公                 1.3 动物
        司);Stemi 508型倒置显微镜(德国Zeiss公司);BPZ-LC                    SPF 级 ICR 小鼠 240 只,雌雄各半,体质量 18~22
        型真空干燥箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司)。                               g,购自重庆医科大学实验动物中心,实验动物使用许可证
        1.2  药品与试剂                                          号:SYXK(渝)2018-0003,适应性饲养 7 d 后进行实验。
            1 年生黄芪于 2018 年 5 月采摘自陕西秦岭山区,经                   饲养环境温度为20~22 ℃、相对湿度为30%~70%、明
        重庆医科大学中医药学院王刚教授鉴定为豆科植物蒙                            (12 h)/暗(12 h)周期交替。本实验设计遵循3R原则。


        ·2982 ·  China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 24                                 中国药房    2020年第31卷第24期
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