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Among above 87 constituents,48 were monotyloids and their derivatives,33 were sesquiterpenoids and their derivatives,4 were
        aliphatic and 2 were ketones. There were 44 common constituents from the volatile oil of C. migao in different sources,all of
        which were terpenoids. The relative percentage content of S1-S4 were 38.556%,66.776%,88.886% and 90.115%,respectively.
        Among 44 common constituents,the relative percentage content of which were all greater than 1% were 1,8-cineole (S2:
        6.518%;S4:3.850%;S3:1.655%;S1:1.475%;),4-terpineol(S2:1.591%;S4:1.384%;S3:1.193%;S1:1.182%),
        α-terpinenol(S3:8.662%;S4:7.173%;S2:6.503%;S1:4.839 %),δ-cadinene(S3:8.597%;S4:5.329%;S2:2.677%;
        S1:2.547%),elemol(S3:4.781%;S2:4.113%;S1:2.568%;S4:1.897%)and γ-eudesmol(S2:4.061%;S3:2.167%;S1:
        1.575%;S4:1.197%). A total of 37 constituents were identified in the 4 batches of fatty oil of the C. migao in different sources,
        of which 87 constituents were separated from S1,34 were identified,and the relative percentage content was 91.072% ;69
        constituents were separated from S2,28 were identified,and the relative percentage content was 90.527%;63 constituents were
        separated from S3,23 were identified,the relative percentage content was 85.297%;71 constituents were separated from S4,24
        were identified,with relative percentage content of 91.527%. Among above 37 constituents,there were 21 monoterpenes and their
        derivatives,2 sesquiterpenes,13 aliphatics,and 1 alkane. There were 20 common constituents in fatty oil from C. migao of
        different sources,and the relative percentage content in S1-S4 were 89.667%,89.595%,84.651% and 90.972%,respectively.
        Among 20 common constituents,the constituents with relative percentage content greater than 1% were methyl caprate (S4:
        59.498%;S1:58.733%;S2:57.552%;S3:26.423%)and methyl dodecanoate(S3:31.434%;S2:26.990%;S1:25.095%;
        S4:24.334%). CONCLUSIONS:There are differences in volatile oil and fatty oil constituents of C. migao from different sources,
        and the contents of the same constituent were also different.
        KEYWORDS     Cinnamomum migao;Source;GC-MS;Volatile oil;Fatty oils;Constituent comparison


            大 果 木 姜 子 为 樟 科 属 植 物 米 槁(Cinnamomum            TGL-16B 型离心机(上海安亭科学仪器厂);RE-2000A
        migao H. W. Li)的干燥成熟果实,是贵州十大苗医药之                    型旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣生化仪器厂);AE240型万分之
          [1]
        一 。目前,有关大果木姜子化学成分的报道主要集中                            一电子天平[梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司];HH-4
                                [2]
        于其挥发油成分:如罗君等 研究发现,大果木姜子挥发                           型数显恒温水浴锅(常州澳华仪器有限公司);98-1-B型
        油主要含有α-柠檬醛、桉叶油醇、香茅醛、柠檬醛等成                           电子调温电热套(天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司)。
        分;梁光义等 研究发现,大果木姜子挥发油主要含有α-                          1.2  药品与试剂
                    [3]
        松油醇、柠檬烯、香桧烯、1,8-桉叶素等成分;而赵立春                             4 批大果木姜子(编号:S1~S4)药材经贵州中医药
        等 研究则认为,大果木姜子挥发油主要含有桉树脑、α-                          大学药学院孙庆文教授鉴定为樟科属植物米槁(C.
          [4]
        松油醇、龙脑、古巴烯、樟脑等成分。这提示大果木姜子                           migao H. W. Li)的干燥成熟果实;正己烷、石油醚(30~
        挥发油的成分存在一定差异。现代药理研究表明,大果                            60 ℃)、甲醇、盐酸等均为分析纯,水为自制蒸馏水。
                                  [5]
        木姜子挥发油具有抗心律失常 、抗病毒                 [6-7] 、缓解心肌缺                 表1 大果木姜子信息来源
                           [10]
        血损伤    [8-9] 及抗炎镇痛 等作用,现已有用于治疗胃痛、                          Tab 1  Information sources of C. migao
        冠心病、胸闷等症的心胃丹胶囊 ,用于治疗胸痹心痛                            编号        采集地           采集时间     加工方式    贮存方式
                                     [11]
                       [11]
        的米槁心乐滴丸 ,用于扩张冠脉               [11-12] 的米槁精油滴丸       S1  中药材种植基地(贵州民族药厂) 2018年9月果实成熟早期  晒干  阴凉干燥处、密闭贮存
                                                            S2  中药材种植基地(贵州民族药厂) 2018年10月果实成熟末期  晒干  阴凉干燥处、密闭贮存
        等相关制剂上市。然而,少有学者对大果木姜子脂肪油                            S3  罗甸县逢亭镇新光村      2019年9月果实成熟早期  晒干  阴凉干燥处、密闭贮存
        的含量及化学成分进行研究,其组成及药理作用均不明                            S4  罗甸县逢亭镇新光村      2019年10月果实成熟末期  晒干  阴凉干燥处、密闭贮存
        确。为了开发大果木姜子及其产品,需进一步分析其挥                            2 方法与结果
        发油及脂肪油的物质基础,并在此基础上对不同来源大                            2.1 大果木姜子挥发油
        果木姜子挥发油及脂肪油化学成分的差异进行分析。                             2.1.1  大果木姜子挥发油的提取             按 2015 版《中国药
            气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)是一种相对成熟且                       典》(四部)通则2204“按发油测定法甲法”提取大果木姜
        完善的色谱技术,尤其适合于热稳定性较好的小分子和                            子挥发油 。取大果木姜子药材适量,粉碎,称取上述
                                                                    [15]
        易挥发药物的分析,具有灵敏度高、分离度好、分析能力                           粉末 100 g,置于圆底烧瓶中,加水 300 mL,密封浸泡 3
                   [13]
        较强等特点 ,同时还可弥补气相色谱稳定性差的不                             h,连接挥发油测定仪和回流冷凝管,使用电热套加热提
          [14]
        足 。基于此,本研究采用GC-MS法鉴定了不同来源大                          取8 h后,静置1 h,读取挥发油体积,于挥发油测定仪下
        果木姜子挥发油和脂肪油的化学成分并进行比较,以期                            端缓慢放掉水层,于水油交际处开始收集挥发油,以
        为大果木姜子及其产品的开发及合理应用提供参考。                             13 000 r/min 离心 10 min 使油水分离后,采用移液枪吸
        1 材料                                                取上层油相,即得。
        1.1  仪器                                             2.1.2  大果木姜子挥发油提取率的测定                按公式计算
            HP6890/5975C 型 GC-MS 仪(美国 Agilent 公司);          大果木姜子挥发油提取率:大果木姜子挥发油提取率=


        ·1962 ·  China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 16                                 中国药房    2020年第31卷第16期
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