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Among above 87 constituents,48 were monotyloids and their derivatives,33 were sesquiterpenoids and their derivatives,4 were
aliphatic and 2 were ketones. There were 44 common constituents from the volatile oil of C. migao in different sources,all of
which were terpenoids. The relative percentage content of S1-S4 were 38.556%,66.776%,88.886% and 90.115%,respectively.
Among 44 common constituents,the relative percentage content of which were all greater than 1% were 1,8-cineole (S2:
6.518%;S4:3.850%;S3:1.655%;S1:1.475%;),4-terpineol(S2:1.591%;S4:1.384%;S3:1.193%;S1:1.182%),
α-terpinenol(S3:8.662%;S4:7.173%;S2:6.503%;S1:4.839 %),δ-cadinene(S3:8.597%;S4:5.329%;S2:2.677%;
S1:2.547%),elemol(S3:4.781%;S2:4.113%;S1:2.568%;S4:1.897%)and γ-eudesmol(S2:4.061%;S3:2.167%;S1:
1.575%;S4:1.197%). A total of 37 constituents were identified in the 4 batches of fatty oil of the C. migao in different sources,
of which 87 constituents were separated from S1,34 were identified,and the relative percentage content was 91.072% ;69
constituents were separated from S2,28 were identified,and the relative percentage content was 90.527%;63 constituents were
separated from S3,23 were identified,the relative percentage content was 85.297%;71 constituents were separated from S4,24
were identified,with relative percentage content of 91.527%. Among above 37 constituents,there were 21 monoterpenes and their
derivatives,2 sesquiterpenes,13 aliphatics,and 1 alkane. There were 20 common constituents in fatty oil from C. migao of
different sources,and the relative percentage content in S1-S4 were 89.667%,89.595%,84.651% and 90.972%,respectively.
Among 20 common constituents,the constituents with relative percentage content greater than 1% were methyl caprate (S4:
59.498%;S1:58.733%;S2:57.552%;S3:26.423%)and methyl dodecanoate(S3:31.434%;S2:26.990%;S1:25.095%;
S4:24.334%). CONCLUSIONS:There are differences in volatile oil and fatty oil constituents of C. migao from different sources,
and the contents of the same constituent were also different.
KEYWORDS Cinnamomum migao;Source;GC-MS;Volatile oil;Fatty oils;Constituent comparison
大 果 木 姜 子 为 樟 科 属 植 物 米 槁(Cinnamomum TGL-16B 型离心机(上海安亭科学仪器厂);RE-2000A
migao H. W. Li)的干燥成熟果实,是贵州十大苗医药之 型旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣生化仪器厂);AE240型万分之
[1]
一 。目前,有关大果木姜子化学成分的报道主要集中 一电子天平[梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司];HH-4
[2]
于其挥发油成分:如罗君等 研究发现,大果木姜子挥发 型数显恒温水浴锅(常州澳华仪器有限公司);98-1-B型
油主要含有α-柠檬醛、桉叶油醇、香茅醛、柠檬醛等成 电子调温电热套(天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司)。
分;梁光义等 研究发现,大果木姜子挥发油主要含有α- 1.2 药品与试剂
[3]
松油醇、柠檬烯、香桧烯、1,8-桉叶素等成分;而赵立春 4 批大果木姜子(编号:S1~S4)药材经贵州中医药
等 研究则认为,大果木姜子挥发油主要含有桉树脑、α- 大学药学院孙庆文教授鉴定为樟科属植物米槁(C.
[4]
松油醇、龙脑、古巴烯、樟脑等成分。这提示大果木姜子 migao H. W. Li)的干燥成熟果实;正己烷、石油醚(30~
挥发油的成分存在一定差异。现代药理研究表明,大果 60 ℃)、甲醇、盐酸等均为分析纯,水为自制蒸馏水。
[5]
木姜子挥发油具有抗心律失常 、抗病毒 [6-7] 、缓解心肌缺 表1 大果木姜子信息来源
[10]
血损伤 [8-9] 及抗炎镇痛 等作用,现已有用于治疗胃痛、 Tab 1 Information sources of C. migao
冠心病、胸闷等症的心胃丹胶囊 ,用于治疗胸痹心痛 编号 采集地 采集时间 加工方式 贮存方式
[11]
[11]
的米槁心乐滴丸 ,用于扩张冠脉 [11-12] 的米槁精油滴丸 S1 中药材种植基地(贵州民族药厂) 2018年9月果实成熟早期 晒干 阴凉干燥处、密闭贮存
S2 中药材种植基地(贵州民族药厂) 2018年10月果实成熟末期 晒干 阴凉干燥处、密闭贮存
等相关制剂上市。然而,少有学者对大果木姜子脂肪油 S3 罗甸县逢亭镇新光村 2019年9月果实成熟早期 晒干 阴凉干燥处、密闭贮存
的含量及化学成分进行研究,其组成及药理作用均不明 S4 罗甸县逢亭镇新光村 2019年10月果实成熟末期 晒干 阴凉干燥处、密闭贮存
确。为了开发大果木姜子及其产品,需进一步分析其挥 2 方法与结果
发油及脂肪油的物质基础,并在此基础上对不同来源大 2.1 大果木姜子挥发油
果木姜子挥发油及脂肪油化学成分的差异进行分析。 2.1.1 大果木姜子挥发油的提取 按 2015 版《中国药
气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)是一种相对成熟且 典》(四部)通则2204“按发油测定法甲法”提取大果木姜
完善的色谱技术,尤其适合于热稳定性较好的小分子和 子挥发油 。取大果木姜子药材适量,粉碎,称取上述
[15]
易挥发药物的分析,具有灵敏度高、分离度好、分析能力 粉末 100 g,置于圆底烧瓶中,加水 300 mL,密封浸泡 3
[13]
较强等特点 ,同时还可弥补气相色谱稳定性差的不 h,连接挥发油测定仪和回流冷凝管,使用电热套加热提
[14]
足 。基于此,本研究采用GC-MS法鉴定了不同来源大 取8 h后,静置1 h,读取挥发油体积,于挥发油测定仪下
果木姜子挥发油和脂肪油的化学成分并进行比较,以期 端缓慢放掉水层,于水油交际处开始收集挥发油,以
为大果木姜子及其产品的开发及合理应用提供参考。 13 000 r/min 离心 10 min 使油水分离后,采用移液枪吸
1 材料 取上层油相,即得。
1.1 仪器 2.1.2 大果木姜子挥发油提取率的测定 按公式计算
HP6890/5975C 型 GC-MS 仪(美国 Agilent 公司); 大果木姜子挥发油提取率:大果木姜子挥发油提取率=
·1962 · China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 16 中国药房 2020年第31卷第16期