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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To investigate the medication regulation of Tibetan medicine prescription of Punica granatum seeds，
and to analyze the pharmaceutical property of it in the treatment of“Sanweihuo”（Me drod gusm) dysfunction induced-related
diseases. METHODS：Using Clinical Notes of Tibetan Medicine，Medicine Standard of the Ministry of Public Health：Tibetan
Medicine as standard，Tibetan medicine prescriptions of P. granatum seeds recorded in Sibu Yidian，Yuewang Yaozhen and other
medical records were collected，and TCMISS V2.5 software was used to analyze main indication and medicine frequency
statistically. The core medicine combinations of the prescriptions were analyzed with Apriori algorithm（support degree≥50％ ，
confidence degree≥90％)，and medication regulations were analyzed. Tibetan medicine“Ro Nus Zhu rJes”vector model was used
to analyze the properties of Tibetan medicine prescription of P. granatum seeds in the treatment of high frequency diseases，and
K-means cluster analysis was carried out for seventeen effectiveness. RESULTS：A total of 300 Tibetan medicine prescriptions of P.
granatum seeds were collected，involving 104 kinds of main indications，among which frequency of 18 kinds of indications was
more than or equal to 10 times，including“non-indigestion syndrome”（Ma Zhu ba)（76 times)，“wood cloth disease”（Smug po)
（46 times)，“edema”（Chu nad)（34 times)，etc. Totally 322 kinds of Tibetan medicines were involved. Among them，21 flavors
were more than or equal to 50 in frequency，including Piper longum（192 times)，Amomum kravanh（164 times) and Carthamus
tinctorius（134 times)，etc. Fifty-six core combinations were obtained，mainly including P. granatum seeds-P. longum（192 times)，
P. granatum seeds-A. kravanh（164 times) and P. granatum seeds-C. tinctorius（134 times). The prescriptions（13 pieces) with six
flavors as pungent，sweet and sour，and with prominent medicinal properties such as roughness，heat and dry effects could be used
to treat“non-indigestion syndrome”，and then included into type Ⅰ. The prescriptions（13 pieces) with six flavors as bitter，sweet
and pungent，and with prominent medicinal properties such as cooling，dull and heavy effects could be used to treat“wood cloth
disease”，and then included into type Ⅱ. The prescriptions（11 pieces) with six flavors as sweet，sour and pungent，and with
prominent medicinal properties such as dull，heavy and moistening effects could be used to treat“edema”，and then included into
type Ⅲ. CONCLUSIONS：Tibetan medicine P. granatum seeds is often used in combination with the isothermal medicines such as
P. longum，A. kravanh. P. granatum seeds are also commonly found in cool prescriptions，revealing that Tibetan medicine pays
attention to“Sanweihuo”while treating diseases，which embodies the academic thought of Tibetan medicine that“there is cooling
in temperature，and there is temperature in cooling”.
KEYWORDS Tibetan medicine；Punica granatum seeds；Prescription；TCMISS；Apriori algorithm；Medication regulation；Ro
Nus Zhu rJes；Pharmaceutical property

藏医称石榴为“赛珠”，一般以种子入药。藏药石榴 治疗“三胃火”功能失调致相关疾病方剂的药性特征，旨
子为石榴科植物石榴（Punica granatum L.）的干燥种 在为石榴子的临床应用提供参考依据。
[1]
[2]
子 。藏药典籍《晶珠本草》 记载，“石榴子味酸、甘，功 1 资料与方法
效祛寒气、宣肺、为提升胃火的良药。主治隆病、培根 1.1 数据来源
病、胃寒酸胀、冷痛、不消症、食欲不振、呃逆”。《四部医 基于《四部医典》《月王药诊》《中国医学百科全
典》 将石榴子称作“温药之王”，具有增生胃火、健胃消 书——藏医学》《藏医成方制剂现代研究与临床应用》等
[3]
食、增进食欲之功效，主治培根寒症。可见，石榴子对藏 医籍，以《藏医临床札记》 、《卫生部药品标准·藏药（第
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医“三胃火”功能的调节具有重要作用。藏医认为，“三 1册）》 等为标准，收集含石榴子的藏药方剂，并将其组
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胃火”功能紊乱会导致培根偏胜，其所致精浊分离不完 方及剂量、主治疾病等信息录入Excel 2010表格，建立含
全是诸多藏医内科疾病（如不消症、木布病、浮肿、高血 石榴子藏药方剂的数据集。
压、糖尿病、肝硬化等）的病理基础，故一切胃腑相关疾 1.2 数据整理与录入
病的治疗皆以培根为主 [3-4] 。有研究表明，藏医“三胃火” 将“1.1”项下所得的含石榴子藏药方剂录入 TC-
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理论与代谢综合征等疾病的发生机制具有潜在关联 。 MISS V2.5软件，选择软件“平台管理”模块中的“方剂管
虽然近年来国内外学者对石榴的现代药理研究不断深 理”功能，在“中医疾病”一栏选择“添加方剂主治功效”
入，如石榴皮具有降血脂、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、降 （主治疾病的名称以藏医、中医理论两者皆有为主）。本
糖、抗腹泻及抗菌等作用，石榴花多酚具有降糖调脂、改 文涉及的所有药材均限定为藏药材，为避免因炮制、别
善胰岛素抵抗等功效，石榴子活性成分具有雌激素样作 名、译名等因素所致的分析不明确，方剂中的药材名称
用以及抗衰老、抗肿瘤、降血糖及抗痢疾性腹泻等活 均参考2015年版《中国药典》（一部）以及《卫生部药品标
性 [6-8] ，但目前尚缺乏石榴子用药规律和药性等的相关研 准·藏药（第1册）》进行规范和统一，如“巴夏嘎”“塞北紫
究。鉴于此，本研究收集含有石榴子的藏药方剂，借助 堇”均统称为“鸭嘴花”，“荜拨”“荜勃”均统称为“荜茇”
中医传承辅助平台（TCMISS）进行用药规律分析；同时， 等。录入完成后，由两位研究者负责数据的审核；若在
借助藏药药性理论及“味性化味”矢量结构模型 ，挖掘 审核过程中发生分歧，则讨论解决或交由第三方协助裁
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中国药房 2020年第31卷第8期 China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 8 ·907 ·