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·药物与临床·

2014－2019年我院儿童患者临床分离病原菌分布及耐药性分析 Δ

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温晓峥 ，苏惠婷 ，崔亚利 （1.四川大学华西广安医院检验科，四川 广安 638000；2.四川大学华西第二医院
临床检验科/出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室，成都 610041）
中图分类号 R372；R446.5；R969.3 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2020）06-0724-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.06.17

摘 要 目的：为儿科临床合理应用抗菌药物提供参考。方法：收集四川大学华西广安医院（以下简称“我院”）2014年1月－2019
年6月门诊及住院儿童患者的临床分离菌株，回顾性分析病原菌分布及耐药情况。结果：2014－2019年，我院儿童患者共检出病
原菌4 692株，占临床分离病原菌总数的29.56％；主要来源于痰液（3 749株，占79.90％）、血液（203株，占4.33％）、分泌物（137株，
占 2.92％）等标本。其中，革兰氏阳性菌 1 488 株（占 31.71％），以肺炎链球菌（711 株，占 15.15％）和金黄色葡萄球菌（574 株，占
12.23％）为主；革兰氏阴性菌3 204株（占68.29％），以流感嗜血杆菌（2 466株，占52.56％）为主。共检出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球
菌172株，产β-内酰胺酶流感嗜血杆菌1 517株，检出率分别为29.97％、61.52％。流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林、头孢克洛、头孢呋辛
的耐药率均高于50％，且总体呈上升趋势；对头孢噻肟、利福平、氧氟沙星的耐药率均小于6％。肺炎链球菌对红霉素和四环素的
耐药率均超过70％，且对红霉素的耐药率呈逐年上升趋势；对β-内酰胺类和喹诺酮类抗菌药物的耐药率普遍低于20％；未见利奈
唑胺、万古霉素耐药菌株。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G的耐药率超过90％，对氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类、四环素类相对敏感，未见
呋喃妥因、利奈唑胺、万古霉素耐药菌株。结论：我院儿童患者临床分离病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主，且以流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链
球菌等苛氧菌居多；耐药、产酶菌株的检出率较高，部分病原菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率有逐年上升的趋势，耐药形式严峻。临床
应实时监测病原菌的耐药情况，并进一步规范儿科抗菌药物的应用，以延缓耐药菌的出现和传播。
关键词 儿童患者；细菌耐药监测；流感嗜血杆菌；肺炎链球菌；金黄色葡萄球菌
Analysis of Distribution and Drug Resistance of Clinical Bacterial Strains Isolated from Children Patients
in Our Hospital during 2014-2019
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WEN Xiaozheng ，SU Huiting ，CUI Yali（1. Dept. of Clinical Laboratory，West China Guang’an Hospital，
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Sichuan University，Sichuan Guang’an 638000，China；2. Dept. of Clinical Laboratory，West China Second
University Hospital，Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and
Birth Defects，Ministry of Education，Chengdu 610041，China）

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for rational use of antibiotics in pediatric department. METHODS：Clinical
bacterial strains isolated from children outpatients and inpatients were collected from West China Guang’an Hospital of Sichuan
University （called“our hospital”for short） during Jan. 2014 to Jun. 2019. Distribution and drug resistance of bacteria were
analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS：During 2014-2019，total of 4 692 strains were detected，accounting for 29.56％ of total；those
were mainly from sputum（3 749 strains，79.90％），blood（203 strains，4.33％）and secretion（137 strains，2.92％）specimen.
Among them，1 488 strains of Gram-positive bacteria（31.71％）were mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae（711 strains，15.15％）
and Staphylococcus aureus（574 strains，12.23％）；3 204 strains of Gram-negative bacteria（68.29％）were mainly 2 466 strains of
Haemophilus influenza（52.56％）. Totally 172 strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and 1 517 strains of β-lactamase producing
H. influenzae were detected；the detection rates were 29.97％ and 61.52％ ，respectively. Resistance rates of H. influenza to
ampicillin，cefaclor and cefuroxime were higher than 50％，and the overall trend was on the rise，resistance rates of cefotaxime，
rifampin and ofloxacin were all lower than 6％. Resistance rates of S. pneumoniae to erythromycin and tetracycline were more than
70％，and the resistance rate to erythromycin was increasing year by year. Resistance rates of S. pneumoniae to β-lactams and
quinolones were generally lower than 20％ . No resistant strains of linezolid and vancomycin were found. Resistance rate of S.
aureus to penicillin G was more than 90％. S. aureus was relarively sensitive to aminoglycosides，macrolides and tetracyclines；no
furantoin，linezolid and vancomycin-resistant strains were found. CONCLUSIONS：Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens
isolated from children in our hospital，and most of them are H. influenzae，S. pneumoniae and other caustic bacteria. The detection
rate of drug-resistant and enzyme producing strains is high，
Δ 基金项目：四川省科技厅重点研发项目（No.2017SZ0122）
and the resistance rate of several pathogens to commonly used
＊ 副 主 任 检 验 技 师 。 研 究 方 向 ：细 菌 感 染 与 耐 药 。 电 话 ：
antibiotics is increasing year by year. Drug resistance is severe.
0826-2600251。E-mail：wenxiaozheng269@sina.com
# 通信作者：副主任检验技师。研究方向：感染与免疫。电话： In order to delay the emergence and spread of drug-resistant
028-85503942。E-mail：593874512@qq.com bacteria， it is necessary to monitor the drug resistance of

·724 · China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 6 中国药房 2020年第31卷第6期