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·药事管理·

        美国、欧盟、日本药品再评价的法律制度研究及对我国的启示                                                                  Δ


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        张 琪 ,颜建周,姚 雯,邵 蓉(中国药科大学国家药物政策与医药产业经济研究中心,南京 211198)
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        中图分类号 R951          文献标志码 A          文章编号 1001-0408(2019)18-2449-06
        DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2019.18.01
        摘  要   目的:为我国建立和完善药品再评价制度提供参考。方法:查阅并总结美国、欧盟、日本药品上市后再评价的相关法律制
        度,分析我国在药品再评价工作方面的不足,并提出完善建议。结果与结论:美国、欧盟、日本均对药品上市后再评价制定了相关
        法律及制度,还有具体的实施规范和技术支撑计划。美国药品再评价法律制度可分为药品不良反应的监测与报告制度、药品上市
        后研究制度和药品安全风险主动监测系统;欧盟主要有针对常规上市药品、特殊情况或条件许可药品的监测与评价制度,以及药
        品再注册制度;日本的再评价法律制度主要由再审查制度和再评价制度等组成。而我国药品再评价工作尚存在体系性不强,立法
        层面薄弱、可操作性和震慑力不足,药品再评价结果的落实与应用环节未能得到有效衔接,资源未得到有效配置等不足。建议我
        国可整合已有再评价相关制度,从药品再评价法律制度体系的系统构建、立法层面的建设和规范、再评价法律制度体系的衔接及
        资源的配置三方面入手,完善我国药品再评价法律制度体系。
        关键词 药品再评价;法律制度;美国;欧盟;日本;中国;启示

        Study on the Legal System of Drug Reevaluation in America,European Union,Japan and the Enligh-
        tenment to China
        ZHANG Qi,YAN Jianzhou,YAO Wen,SHAO Rong(National Drug Policy and Medical Industry Economy
        Research Center,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China)

        ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the establishment and improvement of drug reevaluation system in China.
        METHODS:The design and relevant laws of drug reevaluation system in America,European Union and Japan were reviewed and
        summarized. The shortcomings of drug evaluation in China were analyzed and suggestions for improvement were put forward.
        RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:America,European Union and Japan have formulated relevant laws and systems for post-marketing
        reappraisal of drugs,as well as specific implementation norms and technical support plans. The legal system of drug reevaluation in
        America can be divided into ADR monitoring and reporting system,post-marketing drug research system and active drug safety risk
        monitoring system. The European Union mainly has a monitoring and evaluation system for conventionally marketed drugs,drugs
        licensed under exceptional circumstances or conditions,and a re-registration system for drugs. Japan’s legal system of reevaluation
        mainly consists of reexamination system,reevaluation system and other systems. However,there are still some shortcomings in the
        drug reevaluation in our country,such as weak system,weak legislation,inadequate operability and deterrence,ineffective links
        between the implementation and application of drug evaluation results,and ineffective allocation of resources. It is suggested that
        we should integrate the existing reevaluation system to improve the legal system of drug reevaluation in China,starting from the
        systematic construction of the legal system of drug reevaluation,the construction and standardization of the legislative level,the
        connection of the legal system of drug reevaluation and the allocation of resources.
        KEYWORDS    Drug reevaluation;Legal system;America;European Union;Japan;China;Enlightenment


            药品再评价是对药品上市后的安全性、有效性、经                         药品的再评价,经过多年的探索与改革,已经构建了较
        济性等内容进行监测、报告和控制的一项措施,旨在为                           为成熟的药品再评价法律制度。美国经过“反应停”事
        促进临床合理用药、规范医药市场、制定医药政策等提                           件和仿制药欺诈丑闻事件之后,在构建药品再评价法律
              [1]
        供参考 。美国、欧盟、日本等发达国家/地区非常重视                          制度体系的道路上不断摸索前进,目前已成为全球药品
                                                           再评价工作实施的标杆;欧盟已经建成了以药物警戒为
           Δ 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目(No.15ZDB167);江苏
        省社科应用研究精品工程立项项目(No.18SYB-150);中国药科大学               主体的药品再评价法律体系和严谨又高效的运作系统,
       “双一流”学科创新团队建设项目(No.CPU2018GY39)                     以方便落实药物警戒的相关政策和措施 ;在药品上市
                                                                                               [2]
           * 博 士 研 究 生 。 研 究 方 向 :医 药 政 策 与 法 规 。 电 话 :025-
                                                           后监管方面,日本则构建了一个比美国、欧盟更具特色
        86185193。E-mail:zhangq@sda.gov.cn
                                                           的药品上市后监管系统,通过再审查、再评价等制度,完
           # 通信作者:教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:医药政策与法
                                                                                                    [3]
        规。电话:025-86185287。E-mail:shaorong118@163.com       整、系统地覆盖了所有上市药品的全生命周期 。相比
        中国药房    2019年第30卷第18期                                            China Pharmacy 2019 Vol. 30 No. 18  ·2449  ·
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