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·药事管理·
日本药品稳定供应制度对提升我国短缺药供应保障能力的政策
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王琳宁 ,顾灵娜,虞 杰,路 云(中国药科大学国际医药商学院,南京 211198)
中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)10-1157-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.10.01
摘 要 目的 为提升我国短缺药供应保障能力提供思路。方法 通过梳理日本药品稳定供应制度的顶层设计思路,详细介绍日
本现行的药品稳定供应政策内容,并结合我国短缺药供应保障的现存问题提出政策建议。结果与结论 日本为了保障药品稳定供
应,制定了贯穿“事前预防措施、早期风险监测、发生供应问题时的应对机制”三阶段的政策框架体系。事前预防措施包括建立药
品稳定保供清单分级分类制度、掌握易断供药品的制造程序和流程、建立药品持续供应和停产报告制度;早期风险监测包括建立
企业供应风险自查评估制度、公开企业供应保障信息、制定价格保护与激励措施;发生供应问题时的应对机制包括建立企业增产
和协调供货机制、建立原料药变更快速审评审批制度、建立紧急强制调货供应制度。建议我国从细化短缺药遴选标准、加强信息
公开流转、优化价格管理手段、明确问题反馈与处理4个方面,精细化短缺药激励与监管政策,兼顾短缺药“保供应”和“强监管”。
关键词 短缺药;药品供应;价格管理;应对机制
Japan’s stable supply system for pharmaceuticals: its inspiration for enhancing the supply assurance
capability of drugs in shortage in China
WANG Linning,GU Lingna,YU Jie,LU Yun(School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To provide insights for enhancing the supply assurance capability of drugs in shortage in China.
METHODS By sorting out top-level design ideas for Japan’s stable supply system for pharmaceuticals, this study elaborates on its
current policies for stabilizing drug supply. Policy suggestions were proposed for existing challenges in the supply of drugs in
shortage in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS To stabilize drug supply, Japan formulated a systematic 3-tier policy framework
that ran through pre-prevention, early risk monitoring, and response mechanisms for supply problems. Pre-prevention measures
included establishing a graded classification system for stable supply lists, strengthening government control over the drug
production process, and implementing a continuous supply system and cessation reporting system for post-market drugs. Early risk
monitoring included self-assessing risks in enterprises, disclosing information concerning supply assurance of enterprises, and
providing enterprises with price protection and incentives measures. Response mechanisms for supply problems included establishing
the mechanism of increasing production and coordinated supply in enterprises, opening fast-track review and approval channels for
changes in raw materials, and establishing emergency systems of transferring drugs to supply. To balance supply assurance and
strong regulation of drugs in shortage through refining the incentive and regulatory policies for them, it is recommended to refine
the criteria for selecting drugs in shortage, strengthen the circulation of information, optimize price management methods, and
clarify problem feedback and solving.
KEYWORDS drug in shortage; drug supply; price regulation; coping mechanism
得益于药品制造、分销、运输技术的提升,患者用药 来,我国高度重视短缺药供应保障,从国家层面设计并
可及性明显增加。然而由于原料药上涨、企业无利润等 制定了一系列强化短缺药稳定供应的政策措施,如发布
[1]
原因,药物短缺仍是全球面临的一个严峻问题 。近年 短缺药清单、建立全链条的信息监测系统、设立短缺药
Δ 基金项目 国家医疗保障局医药价格和招标采购指导中心课题 定点生产基地等。但由于我国部分药品短期价格下降
(No.7422200094-001) 幅度大、原料药供应不足或成本上升等原因,暂时性供
*第一作者 博士研究生。研究方向:卫生经济、医药政策。
应短缺问题仍时有发生,集采药品、儿童药品、抗菌药物
E-mail:wln00520@163.com
等特殊药品仍面临一定的供应风险 [2―3] 。同时政府对短
# 通信作者 教授,博士生导师。研究方向:药品价格与采购政策、
卫生技术评估。E-mail:luyuncpu@163.com 缺药的风险监测和“真短缺”的识别存在难度,企业“搭
中国药房 2024年第35卷第10期 China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 10 · 1157 ·