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重庆市2015-2022年药物过敏性休克救治使用肾上腺素情况的
回顾性研究
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陈 诚 ,王 彦 ,邓 莉 ,杜 倩 ,刘松青 ,奚 鑫 (1.重庆医科大学附属第三医院药剂科,重庆 401120;
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2.重庆市药品不良反应监测中心,重庆 401120)
中图分类号 R969.3;R972+.5 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)18-2238-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.18.12
摘 要 目的 评价肾上腺素在药物过敏性休克救治中使用的合理性,为进一步规范过敏性休克的救治提供参考。方法 依据重
庆市药品不良反应(ADR)监测中心提供的2015-2022年药物过敏性休克严重ADR报告的相关数据,回顾性分析患者的救治药
物选择及肾上腺素使用情况,探讨不同肾上腺素救治方案下过敏性休克患者的临床转归情况。结果 共纳入1 415份药物过敏性
休克严重ADR报告,所涉患者男女比例为1.04∶1;引发过敏性休克的药物主要为抗感染药(47.92%)、中药注射剂(9.12%);43.96%
患者的ADR发生于用药后10 min内;97.24%的患者治愈或好转,2.76%的患者死亡或未好转。1 415例患者中,使用肾上腺素救
治的占 63.39%,首选肾上腺素救治的占 53.14%;肌内注射、皮下注射、静脉注射和静脉滴注分别占 33.78%、30.32%、25.75% 和
1.23%;肾上腺素的初始剂量范围为0.01~10 mg,单次剂量以1 mg居多(44.70%);肌内注射、皮下注射和静脉注射单次剂量过量
的分别有148例(51.03%)、136例(53.13%)和193例(91.47%),静脉注射给药更有可能出现单次剂量过量(P<0.05)。初始救治使
用肾上腺素者的好转/痊愈率显著高于非肾上腺素使用者(98.14% vs. 96.23%,P=0.029),首选肾上腺素者的好转/痊愈率显著高
于非首选肾上腺素者(98.14% vs. 95.17%,P=0.031),肌内注射者的好转/痊愈率显著高于非肌内注射者(99.01% vs. 96.69%,P=
0.038)。结论 在药物过敏性休克的救治中,存在救治药物选择不适宜和肾上腺素使用不足、给药延迟、给药途径不适宜及单次剂
量过高等不合理现象。
关键词 肾上腺素;药物过敏性休克;用药分析;不良反应
Retrospective study on the use of epinephrine in patients with drug-induced anaphylactic shock in
Chongqing from 2015 to 2022
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CHEN Cheng , WANG Yan , DENG Li , DU Qian , LIU Songqing , XI Xin(1. Dept. of Pharmacy, the Third
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Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China; 2. Chongqing Adverse Drug
Reaction Monitoring Center, Chongqing 401120, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the rationality of epinephrine in the treatment of drug-induced anaphylactic shock, and to
provide a reference for further standardizing the treatment measures of anaphylactic shock. METHODS According to the relevant
data of the reports of severe adverse drug reaction (ADR) of drug-induced anaphylactic shock provided by Chongqing ADR
Monitoring Center from 2015 to 2022, the selection of treatment drugs, and the application of epinephrine in anaphylactic shock
were analyzed retrospectively; the clinical outcomes of anaphylactic shock with different epinephrine administration methods were
investigated. RESULTS A total of 1 415 cases of severe ADR related to drug-induced anaphylactic shock were reported, with a
male-to-female ratio of 1.04∶1; the drugs that caused allergic shock mainly included anti-infective drugs (47.92%), TCM injections
(9.12%); the patients who suffered from drug-induced anaphylactic shock within 10 min after medication accounted for 43.96%;
97.24% of patients were cured or improved, and 2.76% of patients died or did not been improved. Among 1 415 patients, 63.39%
of patients were treated with epinephrine, and the patients who preferred epinephrine treatment accounted for 53.14%; the
intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, intravenous injection and intravenous drip accounted for 33.78%, 30.32%, 25.75%
and 1.23%, respectively. The initial dose range of epinephrine was 0.01-10 mg, and the most frequent single dose was 1 mg
(44.70%). Excessive single doses of intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection and intravenous injection accounted for 51.03%
(148 cases), 53.13% (136 cases) and 91.47% (193 cases) respectively, and the risk of overdose in intravenous injection was
higher (P<0.05). The patients receiving initial treatment with epinephrine had a higher improvement rate/cure rate than those who
did not use epinephrine (98.14% vs. 96.23%, P=0.029); the
Δ 基金项目 重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(No.2020MSXM055) patients who preferred epinephrine had a higher improvement
*第一作者 药师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学、药物不良反应。E-
rate/cure rate than those who did not preferred epinephrine
mail:15123054472@163.com
# 通信作者 主管药师。研究方向:临床药学、药物警戒。E-mail: (98.14% vs. 95.17%, P=0.031); the improvement rate/cure
650101@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn rate of patients receiving intramuscular injection of epinephrine
· 2238 · China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 18 中国药房 2023年第34卷第18期