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重庆市2015-2022年药物过敏性休克救治使用肾上腺素情况的

          回顾性研究
                            Δ


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          陈 诚 ,王 彦 ,邓 莉 ,杜 倩 ,刘松青 ,奚 鑫 (1.重庆医科大学附属第三医院药剂科,重庆 401120;
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          2.重庆市药品不良反应监测中心,重庆 401120)
          中图分类号  R969.3;R972+.5      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2023)18-2238-05
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.18.12
          摘   要  目的  评价肾上腺素在药物过敏性休克救治中使用的合理性,为进一步规范过敏性休克的救治提供参考。方法  依据重
          庆市药品不良反应(ADR)监测中心提供的2015-2022年药物过敏性休克严重ADR报告的相关数据,回顾性分析患者的救治药
          物选择及肾上腺素使用情况,探讨不同肾上腺素救治方案下过敏性休克患者的临床转归情况。结果  共纳入1 415份药物过敏性
          休克严重ADR报告,所涉患者男女比例为1.04∶1;引发过敏性休克的药物主要为抗感染药(47.92%)、中药注射剂(9.12%);43.96%
          患者的ADR发生于用药后10 min内;97.24%的患者治愈或好转,2.76%的患者死亡或未好转。1 415例患者中,使用肾上腺素救
          治的占 63.39%,首选肾上腺素救治的占 53.14%;肌内注射、皮下注射、静脉注射和静脉滴注分别占 33.78%、30.32%、25.75% 和
          1.23%;肾上腺素的初始剂量范围为0.01~10 mg,单次剂量以1 mg居多(44.70%);肌内注射、皮下注射和静脉注射单次剂量过量
          的分别有148例(51.03%)、136例(53.13%)和193例(91.47%),静脉注射给药更有可能出现单次剂量过量(P<0.05)。初始救治使
          用肾上腺素者的好转/痊愈率显著高于非肾上腺素使用者(98.14% vs. 96.23%,P=0.029),首选肾上腺素者的好转/痊愈率显著高
          于非首选肾上腺素者(98.14% vs. 95.17%,P=0.031),肌内注射者的好转/痊愈率显著高于非肌内注射者(99.01% vs. 96.69%,P=
          0.038)。结论  在药物过敏性休克的救治中,存在救治药物选择不适宜和肾上腺素使用不足、给药延迟、给药途径不适宜及单次剂
          量过高等不合理现象。
          关键词  肾上腺素;药物过敏性休克;用药分析;不良反应

          Retrospective  study  on  the  use  of  epinephrine  in  patients  with  drug-induced  anaphylactic  shock  in
          Chongqing from 2015 to 2022
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          CHEN Cheng , WANG Yan , DENG Li , DU Qian , LIU Songqing , XI Xin(1. Dept. of Pharmacy, the Third
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          Affiliated  Hospital  of  Chongqing  Medical  University,  Chongqing  401120,  China;  2.  Chongqing Adverse  Drug
          Reaction Monitoring Center, Chongqing 401120, China)
          ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE To evaluate the rationality of epinephrine in the treatment of drug-induced anaphylactic shock, and to
          provide  a  reference  for  further  standardizing  the  treatment  measures  of  anaphylactic  shock.  METHODS  According  to  the  relevant
          data  of  the  reports  of  severe  adverse  drug  reaction (ADR)  of  drug-induced  anaphylactic  shock  provided  by  Chongqing  ADR
          Monitoring  Center  from  2015  to  2022,  the  selection  of  treatment  drugs,  and  the  application  of  epinephrine  in  anaphylactic  shock
          were  analyzed  retrospectively;  the  clinical  outcomes  of  anaphylactic  shock  with  different  epinephrine  administration  methods  were
          investigated.  RESULTS  A  total  of  1  415  cases  of  severe ADR  related  to  drug-induced  anaphylactic  shock  were  reported,  with  a
          male-to-female ratio of 1.04∶1; the drugs that caused allergic shock mainly included anti-infective drugs (47.92%), TCM injections
         (9.12%);  the  patients  who  suffered  from  drug-induced  anaphylactic  shock  within  10  min  after  medication  accounted  for  43.96%;
          97.24% of patients were cured or improved, and 2.76% of patients died or did not been improved. Among 1 415 patients, 63.39%
          of  patients  were  treated  with  epinephrine,  and  the  patients  who  preferred  epinephrine  treatment  accounted  for  53.14%;  the
          intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, intravenous injection and intravenous drip accounted for 33.78%, 30.32%, 25.75%
          and  1.23%,  respectively.  The  initial  dose  range  of  epinephrine  was  0.01-10  mg,  and  the  most  frequent  single  dose  was  1  mg
         (44.70%). Excessive single doses of intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection and intravenous injection accounted for 51.03%
         (148  cases),  53.13% (136  cases)  and  91.47% (193  cases)  respectively,  and  the  risk  of  overdose  in  intravenous  injection  was
          higher (P<0.05). The patients receiving initial treatment with epinephrine had a higher improvement rate/cure rate than those who
                                                              did  not  use  epinephrine (98.14%  vs.  96.23%,  P=0.029);  the
              Δ 基金项目 重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(No.2020MSXM055)            patients  who  preferred  epinephrine  had  a  higher  improvement
             *第一作者 药师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学、药物不良反应。E-
                                                              rate/cure  rate  than  those  who  did  not  preferred  epinephrine
          mail:15123054472@163.com
              # 通信作者 主管药师。研究方向:临床药学、药物警戒。E-mail:             (98.14%  vs.  95.17%,  P=0.031);  the  improvement  rate/cure
          650101@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn                         rate of patients receiving intramuscular injection of epinephrine


          · 2238 ·    China Pharmacy  2023 Vol. 34  No. 18                            中国药房  2023年第34卷第18期
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