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·药事管理·
南非基本药物遴选模式及其对我国的启示 Δ
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张晓宇 ,颜建周,邵 蓉(中国药科大学国家药物政策与医药产业经济研究中心,南京 211198)
中图分类号 R951 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2020)20-2433-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.20.01
摘 要 目的:为我国基本药物遴选工作进一步规范和完善提供参考。方法:介绍南非基本药物遴选模式,包括组织机构及职责、
遴选标准、遴选程序及动态调整机制、实施效果等,并对我国基本药物遴选模式的完善提出建议启示。结果与结论:南非各级药物
治疗委员会负责收集基本药物的相关申请并提交给国家合理选择小组进行初步筛选,并最终由国家基本药物目录委员会进行决
定;遴选标准主要基于世界卫生组织的基本药物遴选标准;遴选依据是南非标准治疗指南;同时建立了自下而上的常态化用户反
馈机制对目录进行动态调整,审查过程较为重视药物的证据及证据等级。总体来说,南非遴选的基本药物用户认可度较高,应用
情况良好。建议我国可适当参考南非的做法,将临床指南作为遴选依据之一,建立日常逐级反馈通道,加强对药物相关证据的审
查,规范我国的证据分级系统,结合我国国情,最终探索出具有中国特色的基本药物遴选模式。
关键词 南非;基本药物;遴选;证据等级;启示
Selection Mode of Essential Medicine in South Africa and Its Enlightenment to China
ZHANG Xiaoyu,YAN Jianzhou,SHAO Rong(National Drug Policy and Medical Industry Economy Research
Center,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further standardizing and improving the selection of essential medicine in
China. METHODS:The selection mode of essential medicine in South Africa was introduced,involving organizational structure
and responsibilities, selection criteria, selection procedure, dynamic adjustment mechanism and implementation effect. The
suggestions were put forward for improving selection mode of essential medicine in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:
Pharmaceutical and Therapeutics Committees at all levels in South Africa were responsible for collecting applications for essential
medicine and submitting them to the Rational Selection Group for preliminary screening,which was finally decided by the National
Essential Drugs List Committee;the selection criteria was mainly based on WHO essential medicine selection criteria;the selection
basis of essential medicine in South Africa was based on standard treatment guidelines;a bottom-up normalized user feedback
mechanism was established to dynamically adjust the list,and more attention was paid to drug evidence and evidence level in the
review process;the review points tended to focus on evidence and the level of evidence. In general,the selection of essential
medicines in South Africa had high recognition and good application. It is recommended that China appropriately refer to the
practice of South Africa,take clinical guideline as one of the selection criteria,establish daily gradual feedback channels,
strengthen the review of evidence,unify Chinese evidence grading system,and combine Chinese national conditions to finally
explore a selection model for essential medicine with Chinese characteristics.
KEYWORDS South Africa;Essential medicine;Selection;Evidence level;Enlightenment
基本药物制度是药品供应保障制度的基础,是引领 完善目录调整管理机制,注重突出药品临床价值,坚持
我国药物政策以及医改政策发展的核心动力。基本药 动态调整和调入调出并重”。但目前我国基本药物遴选
物目录是基本药物制度的实施载体,基本药物的遴选是 还存在许多问题,如基本药物遴选依据不明确,虽然“意
基本药物制度的首要环节和基础性工作,其品种、数量、 见”中提出基本药物遴选应以诊疗规范、临床诊疗指南
[1]
类别、结构等均与基本药物制度实施效果密切相关 。 和专家共识为依据,但现阶段我国基本药物遴选还主要
2018 年 9 月,国务院办公厅《关于完善国家基本药 采用专家评审的方式,评审专家多以自己的临床用药习
物制度的意见》(以下简称“意见”) 中强调,“应进一步 惯和主观判断作为基本药物目录的遴选依据,具有一定
[2]
[3]
Δ 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目(No.15ZDB167);中国 主观性 ;社会参与度较低,药物遴选主要由国家行政力
药科大学“双一流”学科创新团队建设项目(No.CPU2018GY39) 量强制实施,未能广泛征求相关利益方的意见,导致基
* 硕 士 研 究 生 。 研 究 方 向 :医 药 政 策 与 法 规 。 电 话 :025-
本药物遴选结果可能与临床实际需求偏离等 。
[4]
86185084。E-mail:13604075546@163.com。
南非早在1996年就开始推行国家药物政策(NDP),
# 通信作者:教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:医药政策与法
规。电话:025-86185287。E-mail:shaorong118@163.com 并建立了基本药物制度,其公立基层医疗机构所用基本
中国药房 2020年第31卷第20期 China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 20 ·2433 ·