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(400,100 mg/kg,by crude drug),with 15 mice in each group. Except for normal control group,other groups were given
estradiol intraperitoneally(0.1 mg/mice,6 times)every other day to establish thymic atrophy model. The next day after modeling
finished,they were given relevant medicine intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 14 d. Twenty-four hours after last
medication,organ(thymus,spleen)index,MDA content and GST activity in plasma were determined. HE staining was adopted to
observe the pathological changes of thymus and spleen tissue in mice. The thymus cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL assay,
and the T cell subsets in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,the
thymus index,proportion of CD3 CD4 T cell in peripheral blood and CD4 /CD8 ratio were decreased significantly in model group
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(P<0.01);spleen index,MDA content in plasma and thymocyte apoptosis level as well as the proportion of CD3 CD8 T cell in
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peripheral blood were all increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Thymic cortex and medullary boundary of mice was
blurred;the intercellular space was enlarged;some cells were damaged and apoptotic in cortex;no pathological changes were
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found in the spleen. Compared with model group,thymus index and GST activity in plasma as well as proportion of CD3 CD4 T
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cell in peripheral blood and CD4 /CD8 ratio were all increased significantly in G. lucidum polysaccharides crude extract high-dose
group(P<0.05 or P<0.01);while MDA content in plasma,the apoptosis level of thymocytes were all decreased significantly
(P<0.01 or P<0.05);and the pathological changes of thymus were improved significantly. MDA content in plasma was decreased
significantly in G. lucidum polysaccharides crude extract low-dose group(P<0.01),and other indexes/pathological changes were
not obvious. CONCLUSIONS:High dose (400 mg/kg) of G. lucidum polysaccharides crude extract can improve the thymus
atrophy induced by estradiol in mice.
KEYWORDS Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide crude extract;Estradiol;Thymus atrophy;Immunomodulation;Mice
灵芝多糖(Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides)为 mg∶2 mL];丙二醛(MDA)含量检测试剂盒、谷胱甘肽-S-
名贵中药材灵芝的主要药效成分之一,其种类繁多,结 转移酶(GST)活性检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公
构复杂,分子量从几百到几十万不等,到目前为止,被人 司,批号:20200218、20200316);原位末端标记法(TU-
们发现的灵芝多糖已经超过200种 。灵芝多糖主要来 NEL)凋亡检测试剂盒(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司,
[1]
源为灵芝子实体多糖、发酵液多糖以及液体发酵产生的 批号:080919190826);CD3-别藻蓝蛋白(APC)、CD4-藻
菌丝体多糖 。灵芝多糖作为一种有效免疫调节剂,能 红蛋白(PE)、CD8-异硫氰酸(FITC)抗体(美国 Biogems
[2]
够全面且有效地影响免疫细胞(包括 T 淋巴细胞、巨噬 公司,批号:80E041705122、60E271706122、50M281710-
细胞、B淋巴细胞等)的功能,同时释放趋化因子、生长因 112);其余试剂均为分析纯,水为实验室自制三蒸水。
[3]
子,从而调节机体的适应性免疫 ,其调节机体免疫力的 1.3 动物
[4]
功效已成为研究热点 。胸腺作为免疫系统重要的中枢 健康ICR小鼠60只,雌性,体质量18~20 g,购自浙
器官,与机体的健康息息相关。但自然衰老、病毒感染、 江省医学科学院实验动物中心,实验动物生产许可证
药物诱导以及外伤等均可能会诱导胸腺萎缩,从而导致 号:SCXK(浙)2019-0002,质量合格证号:1912180039。
免疫力下降,加速衰老与疾病的发生 。在前期的研究 动物饲养于屏障级动物房,环境温度为18~26 ℃、相对
[5]
中,笔者发现灵芝孢子粉对胸腺萎缩有一定的改善作 湿度为 40%~70%、光照明暗交替(各 12 h)、每小时通
用,而灵芝多糖是其主要药效成分之一,故本研究拟探 风22次。实验方案符合《浙江省实验动物管理办法》对
索灵芝多糖对雌二醇诱导小鼠胸腺萎缩的影响,明确灵 动物伦理的要求。
芝多糖调节免疫的药效作用,为灵芝药用成分的深入开 2 方法
发提供参考。 2.1 灵芝多糖粗提物的制备
1 材料 取灵芝菌粉 80 g,加 1 600 mL 水,超声(功率:300
1.1 仪器 W,频率:40 kHz)提取 2 次(第 1 次提取 1 h、第 2 次提取
ME204E 型万分之一分析天平、DM4000 型生物显 0.5 h),过滤,合并2次滤液。将滤液60 ℃减压浓缩至1
微镜(德国 Leica 公司);CS120FNX 型微量超速冷冻离 g/mL(以生药量计)的药液,加入 95%乙醇 400 mL 调溶
心机(日本Hitachi公司);M200Pro型酶标仪(瑞士Tecan 液的醇体积分数为 80%,混匀,4 ℃下静置 24 h,然后以
公司);NovoCyte型流式细胞仪(美国ACEA Biosciences 4 000 r/min离心20 min,弃去上清液。取沉淀,冷冻干燥
[6]
公司)。 即得灵芝多糖粗提物,得率为5%。用硫酸蒽酮法 测得
1.2 药品与试剂 其多糖含量为15%。
灵 芝 菌 粉(浙 江 方 格 药 业 有 限 公 司 ,批 号 : 2.2 分组、造模与给药
10141-3-160517);苯甲酸雌二醇注射液[上海全宇生物 将60只小鼠根据体质量按随机分组表分为4组,每
科技(驻马店)动物药业有限公司,批号:190504,规格:4 组15只,分别为正常对照组(生理盐水)、模型组(生理盐
·2136 · China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 17 中国药房 2020年第31卷第17期