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深圳市坪山区老年人群流感疫苗接种影响因素及效果分析
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          陈爱宏 ,李华丹,刘晓岑,卢佛浓,罗 艳(深圳市坪山区疾病预防控制中心,广东 深圳 518118)
                *
          中图分类号  R978.7;R186+.3      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2023)19-2423-04
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.19.21

          摘  要  目的  了解深圳市坪山区部分老年人群流感疫苗接种、认知现状和接种效果,为提高老年人群接种意愿提供参考。方法
          应用描述性流行病学方法分析坪山区部分老年人群接种流感疫苗现状,采用Logistic回归模型进行流感疫苗接种影响因素分析,
          并对老年人群接种流感疫苗前后血清抗体水平进行分析。结果  共收集老年人群有效调查问卷140份,参加调查的老年人对流感
          病毒的主要传播方式认知较好,回答正确率为87.1%。年龄、知晓流感疫苗应每年接种1次和知晓深圳免费接种政策是老年人流
          感疫苗接种行为的促进因素。接种后4种流感抗体(甲型H1、H3,乙型Victoria、Yamagata)检测阳性率均高于接种前,且差异有统
          计学意义;接种后的抗体滴度水平普遍高于接种前。结论  老年人群接种流感疫苗后抗体检测阳性率和抗体滴度均高于接种前,
          具有较好的保护作用;应持续提高老年人群对流感疫苗和免费接种政策的认知。
          关键词  老年人;流感疫苗;认知;影响因素;抗体滴度

          Analysis  of  the  influential  factors  for  influenza  vaccination  and  their  effects  among  elderly  people  of
          Shenzhen Pingshan district
          CHEN Aihong,LI Huadan,LIU Xiaocen,LU Funong,LUO Yan(Shenzhen  Pingshan  District  Center  for  Disease
          Prevention and Control, Guangdong Shenzhen 518118, China)

          ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE  To investigate the status and effect of influenza vaccination among some elderly population and their
          cognition of influenza vaccination in Shenzhen Pingshan district, and to provide reference for improving the vaccination willingness
          of  the  elderly  population.  METHODS  Descriptive  epidemiological  method  was  used  to  analyze  the  status  quo  of  influenza
          vaccination  among  some  elderly  populations  in  Pingshan  district;  the  Logistic  regression  model  was  used  to  analyze  the  influential
          factors  of  influenza  vaccination;  the  serum  antibody  levels  of  the  elderly  population  were  analyzed  before  and  after  influenza
          vaccination. RESULTS Totally 140 effective survey question naires were collected from elderly. The elderly who participated in the
          survey  had  a  better  cognition  of  the  main  transmission  mode  of  the  influenza  virus,  122  people  answered  correctly,  and  the
          accuracy  was  87.1%.  Age,  knowledge  that  influenza  vaccine  should  be  given  once  a  year  and  knowledge  of  Shenzhen’s  free
          vaccination  policy  were  the  promoting  factors  for  influenza  vaccination  behavior  among  the  elderly.  The  positive  rates  of  the  four
          influenza  antibodies (type  A  H1,  type  A  H3,  type  B  Victoria,  type  B  Yamagata)  after  inoculation  were  higher  than  before
          inoculation,  with  statistical  significance.  The  antibody  titer  levels  after  vaccination  were  generally  higher  than  before.
          CONCLUSIONS  The  positive  rate  of  antibody  testing  and  antibody  titer  in  the  elderly  population  after  influenza  vaccination  are
          higher  than  before,  which  effectively  protects  the  health  of  the  elderly  population.  It  is  necessary  to  continuously  improve  the
          awareness of the elderly population about influenza vaccination and free vaccination policies.
          KEYWORDS    elderly; influenza vaccination; cognition; influential factors; antibody titer



              流行性感冒(简称“流感”)是由流感病毒引起的一                        感的发病率,深圳市坪山区在市政府统一规划下自2016
          种传播速度快、传播范围广、传播途径极易实现的呼吸                           年起实施老年人群流感疫苗免费接种项目。本文通过
          道传染性疾病,被世界卫生组织列为全球监测的首要传                           开展老年人群流感疫苗接种的现状、认知调查和影响因
              [1]
          染病 。接种疫苗是最有效和最具成本效益的干预措施                           素分析,同时对老年人群接种前后流感抗体滴度进行比
          之一 。当前,全人群疫苗接种率仅达到 1.5%~2.0%,                      较,从而为坪山区提高老年人群接种意愿和评估免疫效
              [2]
          流感疫苗接种率低可能与人群对流感及流感疫苗的认                            果,顺利实施老年人群流感疫苗免费接种项目提供
          识、经济水平、文化水平、社会支持水平等有关                   [3―4] 。老
                                                             参考。
          年人群是流感的高危人群之一,为有效降低老年人群流
                                                             1 对象与方法
             Δ 基金项目 深圳市坪山区卫生健康局科研项目(No.202088)               1.1 对象
             * 第一作者 主 管 医 师 。 研 究 方 向 :传 染 病 防 控 。 E-mail:
                                                             1.1.1 问卷调查
          275849276@qq.com
                                                                 2021 年 1 月-2022 年 2 月,在坪山区选取接种量较
             # 通信作者 主任医师,硕士。研究方向:传染病防控。E-mail:
          86175409@qq.com                                    大且信息化工作完善的成人预防接种门诊作为研究现


          中国药房  2023年第34卷第19期                                              China Pharmacy  2023 Vol. 34  No. 19    · 2423 ·
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