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深圳市坪山区老年人群流感疫苗接种影响因素及效果分析
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陈爱宏 ,李华丹,刘晓岑,卢佛浓,罗 艳(深圳市坪山区疾病预防控制中心,广东 深圳 518118)
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中图分类号 R978.7;R186+.3 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)19-2423-04
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.19.21
摘 要 目的 了解深圳市坪山区部分老年人群流感疫苗接种、认知现状和接种效果,为提高老年人群接种意愿提供参考。方法
应用描述性流行病学方法分析坪山区部分老年人群接种流感疫苗现状,采用Logistic回归模型进行流感疫苗接种影响因素分析,
并对老年人群接种流感疫苗前后血清抗体水平进行分析。结果 共收集老年人群有效调查问卷140份,参加调查的老年人对流感
病毒的主要传播方式认知较好,回答正确率为87.1%。年龄、知晓流感疫苗应每年接种1次和知晓深圳免费接种政策是老年人流
感疫苗接种行为的促进因素。接种后4种流感抗体(甲型H1、H3,乙型Victoria、Yamagata)检测阳性率均高于接种前,且差异有统
计学意义;接种后的抗体滴度水平普遍高于接种前。结论 老年人群接种流感疫苗后抗体检测阳性率和抗体滴度均高于接种前,
具有较好的保护作用;应持续提高老年人群对流感疫苗和免费接种政策的认知。
关键词 老年人;流感疫苗;认知;影响因素;抗体滴度
Analysis of the influential factors for influenza vaccination and their effects among elderly people of
Shenzhen Pingshan district
CHEN Aihong,LI Huadan,LIU Xiaocen,LU Funong,LUO Yan(Shenzhen Pingshan District Center for Disease
Prevention and Control, Guangdong Shenzhen 518118, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the status and effect of influenza vaccination among some elderly population and their
cognition of influenza vaccination in Shenzhen Pingshan district, and to provide reference for improving the vaccination willingness
of the elderly population. METHODS Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the status quo of influenza
vaccination among some elderly populations in Pingshan district; the Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influential
factors of influenza vaccination; the serum antibody levels of the elderly population were analyzed before and after influenza
vaccination. RESULTS Totally 140 effective survey question naires were collected from elderly. The elderly who participated in the
survey had a better cognition of the main transmission mode of the influenza virus, 122 people answered correctly, and the
accuracy was 87.1%. Age, knowledge that influenza vaccine should be given once a year and knowledge of Shenzhen’s free
vaccination policy were the promoting factors for influenza vaccination behavior among the elderly. The positive rates of the four
influenza antibodies (type A H1, type A H3, type B Victoria, type B Yamagata) after inoculation were higher than before
inoculation, with statistical significance. The antibody titer levels after vaccination were generally higher than before.
CONCLUSIONS The positive rate of antibody testing and antibody titer in the elderly population after influenza vaccination are
higher than before, which effectively protects the health of the elderly population. It is necessary to continuously improve the
awareness of the elderly population about influenza vaccination and free vaccination policies.
KEYWORDS elderly; influenza vaccination; cognition; influential factors; antibody titer
流行性感冒(简称“流感”)是由流感病毒引起的一 感的发病率,深圳市坪山区在市政府统一规划下自2016
种传播速度快、传播范围广、传播途径极易实现的呼吸 年起实施老年人群流感疫苗免费接种项目。本文通过
道传染性疾病,被世界卫生组织列为全球监测的首要传 开展老年人群流感疫苗接种的现状、认知调查和影响因
[1]
染病 。接种疫苗是最有效和最具成本效益的干预措施 素分析,同时对老年人群接种前后流感抗体滴度进行比
之一 。当前,全人群疫苗接种率仅达到 1.5%~2.0%, 较,从而为坪山区提高老年人群接种意愿和评估免疫效
[2]
流感疫苗接种率低可能与人群对流感及流感疫苗的认 果,顺利实施老年人群流感疫苗免费接种项目提供
识、经济水平、文化水平、社会支持水平等有关 [3―4] 。老
参考。
年人群是流感的高危人群之一,为有效降低老年人群流
1 对象与方法
Δ 基金项目 深圳市坪山区卫生健康局科研项目(No.202088) 1.1 对象
* 第一作者 主 管 医 师 。 研 究 方 向 :传 染 病 防 控 。 E-mail:
1.1.1 问卷调查
275849276@qq.com
2021 年 1 月-2022 年 2 月,在坪山区选取接种量较
# 通信作者 主任医师,硕士。研究方向:传染病防控。E-mail:
86175409@qq.com 大且信息化工作完善的成人预防接种门诊作为研究现
中国药房 2023年第34卷第19期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 19 · 2423 ·